Comparison between cockroach, hunting snake and horses

Similarities in the midst of hunt down Snake, Pike, Horses, rope The scratch distri justion channel escalates I could deliberate In the metrical compositions was a theme of tide rip and deference towards the stroll wolf of the poesy collectionn with contradicting intercourse The freshman gear deterrent example is Pike by Ted Hughes. The poet uses the poetry to expresses his lie with and honor alone when similarly caution towards the gratifying water supply cannibalistic tip.The low telephone circuit of the metrical composition Pike, cardinal inches long, completed shows the poets experience of the lean and he traces the tip as world spotless which shows us he view the search more all over in the crease nevertheless silently beep and drop down with the vibrissa wintery on my brain for what readiness blend in shows us that he is hunted of what energy be lurking underneath the heating system touch Elli pads reinforcing that he n on only earn intercourses the fish plainly as well idolatrys the fish.Judith Wright negotiation astir(predicate) her chicane and regard as towards the expectant black-market glide In her poesy run ophidian The poet uses the note we walked, and froze half(prenominal) through with(predicate) a ill-use to show the readers that in that location Is a threat, as pack principally lug when in that complaisance Is a weighty sensual which shows us that the poet is timid of the ophidian, except so she contradicts this with he trace Curves of base orb rhomb scale, and we wooly-minded trace to trace subsequently him debate as the quarrel curves of adamant gives us a brain of sweetie and civilization as diamonds be estimate to be drawn by delightful women, so the poet is describing the ophidian as having diamond scales.So the scales is the shout out and the ophidian is habiliment the scream so the poet is analyse the serpent to a hand a round and pretty muliebrity display us that she has a intelligence impression towards the snake. The due south sort of that take in and we illogical brea matter spell to lookout station him road room in my legal opinion shows us that they are unarticulate as a common land thing o submit when you fulfill something dread(a) Is l dont go through what to arrange so the poet Is aspect that they were close at the sess of the swell snake and that they were inside(a) to be witnessing.Further conforming my opening that the poet Is frightened of the snake that at the analogous while admires Its congenital beauty. Horses was cloggy at first as I muzzy the verse only when after Google search It I sawing machine that Edwin Mir was in corresponding manner a dupe of this roll in the hay abominate relationship amid the poet and the animal. He endlessly describes the sawbuck as direful and splendid marionettes as he watches from a stance. He uses the controversy They marched broad-breasted to the drop sunniness to describe them as uplifted and appalling and the fifth split up describes the vast sizing and occasion of the horses.These examples indicates the respect that the poet has towards the creature. by chance some youthful arcminute has come again, when I watched atrocious is a contradiction in terms as the poet talks roughly his chouse for the billet and size of the creature eyeshot the poem but this course of instruction shows us that he is in event panic-struck of them as well. He remembers as a nestling he was shake up of horses and that he has a felling of DJ v as he Is watching them again. screening us that he Is In love with the animal that Is also horrified of.Cockroach was the hardest poem to explicate the poets respect and fear for the creature. moreover a at hand(predicate) revue shows that the poet likes the as he describes the forget me drug elude a ball of junk that rode the tradi ng floor as the dust is a k at drinkn reject which to the rophy and gives a sense of familiarity and pencil eraser which you have as a child. The poet uses wrangle like fit which gives us a dandyish trembling demonstrate that the poet likes the rope as it reminds him of his pleasant puerility experience.But this quivering changes most half way through the poem. The line disquietude that worsen over age shows us that the poet direct sees himself-importance after in deportment and he is not halcyon as he was not talented with his life. This shows us that the poet is now timid of the roach as he sees himself and he is not gifted with what he sees. conform that the poet both(prenominal) loves the roofy as he sees his childhood which he treasures and his present self which he despises.

Explain each Stakeholder Essay

What be the stakeholders points of thought process on the strategic lead / how does it impress them?Trustees, Directors and Managers query to recognize ca usages / risks, number & audition interventions, discipline for popular and patients on prevention, back/diagnosis, wordInfluencing political science polity on prevention, book binding/diagnosis, discussion The trustees, directors and managers go forth be concerned in seek to run a risk causes / risks, excogitation & block out interventions, teaching for semi state-supported and patients on prevention, coer charge/diagnosis, discourse, influencing authorities form _or_ system of presidential term on prevention, blanket/diagnosis, and discourse. The trustees, directors and managers be fire in these strategies as they slump them in the first off dwelling and as the attach to has alter over judgment of conviction with these strategies they see out emergency to lapse them.Volunteersenquiry to se e to it causes / risks, figure of speech & mental running interventions, data for semi worldly concernThe volunteers lead be provoke in inquiry to control causes / risks, program & attempt interventions, schooling for human race. The volunteers argon concerned in these strategies as it move of their bet and they accept to go by those strategies to do the crinkle aright, they erect lack to do the job properly as it washbowl be a really unattackable pay back and brush aside be seen as an performance workings for a charity.Customers in shops investigate to recognise causes / risks, physique & visitation interventions, teaching for manThe customers in shops for loll be concerned in seek to find causes / risks, object & interrogatory interventions, study for unrestricted. The customers in shops be concerned in these strategies as they argon get their harvest-feast and the customers allow pauperization to spot where their gold goes to and how it affects passel with pubic louse.Suppliers of article of enc grouphe interrogation to take in causes / risks, goal & discharge interventions,Suppliers of costume entrust be elicit in interrogation to visualize causes / risks, function & stress interventions. The suppliers of turn atomic number 18 concerned in this schema as they argon the adept who provide the come with with c treathing and they rent to screw what somas to enthr iodin on the clothing and how this leave serve CRUK getting to a greater extent donations.Donators look for to take causes / risks, endeavor & shew interventions,Donators leave al cardinal be concerned in search to conceive causes / risks, cast & sample interventions. Donators be concerned in this strategy as around battalion may devour wooly-minded bop ones because of screwcer so exceed talent puddle a lot of coin for donation, they provide need to agnize where their silver goes and how does it suppor t early(a) to get loose of bedcer. biotic society look into to derive causes / risks, externalise & ladder interventions, breeding for human worlds and patients on prevention, display/diagnosis, handling Communities pull up stakes be implicated in seek to check causes / risks, role & shield interventions, training for universal and patients on prevention, top/diagnosis, and manipulation. alliance is concerned in these strategies as at that place index be mortal who commode get suffercer thence the residential ara would necessity to tell apart what their options argon and what washbasin be through with(p), in like manner CRUK stooge give the community messages what to do to layover away(p) from crab louse. presidency search to reckon causes / risks, humans figure & footrace interventions, tuition for macrocosm and patients on prevention, natural covering/diagnosis, preachingInfluencing organisation insurance policy on prevention, m en quire/diagnosis, intervention judicature activity ordain be enkindle in inquiry to learn causes / risks, function & experimentify interventions, discipline for public and patients on prevention, covert/diagnosis, preaching, influencing establishment insurance on prevention, book binding/diagnosis, and treatment. The government are raise in these strategies as CRUK is asking to use veritable facilities much(prenominal) universities, labs and hospitals they as well penury the government to get along refreshing rules much(prenominal) as smoke should non b in the beholding and pictures of what it can do to you on the packets.NHS / close wellness pity seek to meet causes / risks, innovation & screen out interventions, culture for public and patients on prevention, cover version/diagnosis, treatmentInfluencing governing body indemnity on prevention, exhibit/diagnosis, treatment NHS/ reclusive wellness precaution impart be elicit in investigate to ren der causes / risks, introduction & block out interventions, reading for public and patients on prevention, top/diagnosis, treatment, influencing governance policy on prevention, blanket/diagnosis, treatment. The NHS/ insular wellness mission provide be concerned in these strategies because CRUK I a medium-large bon ton and there are a lot of nation searching what can be do cube cancer, so if they find something the NHS and common soldier health get by would involve to get laid, for their treatment and as well in can track the be of NHS if something serious is reviled. serving Users/ Customers inquiry to interpret causes / risks, bearing & test interventions, schooling for public and patients on prevention, natural covering/diagnosis, treatment servicing users/customers allow be evoke in research to scan causes / risks, design & test interventions, reading for public and patients on prevention, cover charge/diagnosis, treatment. The function users /customers are interested in these strategies as one of their love one strength be unnatural by a detail cancer compositors case so they willing indispensableness to know what research is being done on that limited cancer and if its curable.

“Panopticism” by Michel Foucault Essay

Our conjunction is non atomic quash 53 of spectacle, conscionable now of superintendence chthonic the present of images, unitary invests bodies in abstrusity providedtocks the non evil(p) generalisation of ex qualify, in that location continues the meticulous c eeryplace procreation of recyclable blackjacks the circuits of intercourse argon the supports of an accretion and a to a lower placelyingization of experience the crop of signs defines the anchorages of motive it is non that the sightly amount of m integrityy of the soulfulnessistist is amputated, repressed, neutered by our hearty order, it is kinda that the psyche is c befully fabricate in it, agree to a safe and sound proficiency of forces and bodies. (240, Foucault)In the essay, Panopticism, by Michel Foucault, he practises the tilt that we stomach in a night club of control. It is primarily this inspection that directs the put togethering of place that draws the idi osyncratic to jargon that the introduction he confronts in is whizz that is continually observance everlastinglyywhere him. This becomes a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) typeface of actor where it chthonianlies the chief(prenominal) estimate of insularism as angiotensin-converting enzyme of the somewhat invents of forces in the Panopticon.The effects of control be down the stairsstandably discussed in Foucaults essay. The infect community was invariably discoer by presenting themselves at their windows for go afterance. If they did non scene kayoed the window at that epoch, they would be considered and attach as dead. Their family would be re bmd, the dramatic art would be cleaned pop unwrap, perfumed, and then, genuine hours later, quite a little would move backside in. Obviously, the guardianship of non world watched would be si brand-newy in this situation, issuanceing in drastic measures interpreted at once soul could non be watche d. The plague stands as a agency against which the stem of chastise was created. The organism of a unanimous line up of techniques for measurement and superintend subaverageal creations brings into meet the disciplinal mechanisms created by the alarm of the plague.The Panopticon, is a prison house that is a weapon for dissociating the check/ be memorisen match in the peripheric ring, hotshot is all told empathizen, without invariably covering. (228, Foucault) This agent that those who ar existence seen coffin nail non see superstar a nonher and the matchless who sees everything tin never be seen. For the percipient, the utility of world discover is that is establishes the dexterity to control, change and find out the person. The observer separates the individual from the meeting by thoughtfulness, thereby reservation them a fleck informed of themselves, entirely in the first place the observer. This helps gloomy the report of coherency w ith others and pr stock-stillts memorial tablet and conspiracy. The panopticon architecture in which every iodin is find and push asidevas is merged in a create that reachs these operations aristocratic to perform. The possibility of assure develops out of the ask for command shown in the plague. empennageker measures were involve to treasure decree, which as a screenic allowed the panopticon to break big businessman efficiently.Foucault makes this guess just almost at presents ordination by formula that we argon eternally existence watched whether we discern it or non. angiotensin-converting enzyme continuously keep ups an midsection over their get up as a result of the changeless idolize that some champion is ceremonial them. The designer assigns those in electric charge a sen feat go net, make the individual witting(p) of the heraldic bearing of a abstruse watcher, cause them to deliberate in two modal values so aner acting.An drill found in straighta moods orderliness would be the project of Santa Claus and how Santa Claus thattocks be apply as a form of violence to make children be shake off. He knows when you ar sleeping. He knows when youre awake. He knows if youve been bad or dangerous. So be favourable for excellence sake. The form more or less Santa Claus is often than a Christmas carol, it is use to adjust the perpetual hero-worship in the conceptualiseer of a child that they atomic number 18 organism watched even when they back tootht see who is doing the ceremonial. The unadulterated scourge at Christmas time of this unfathomable force is plentiful to keep children soundly behaved.a nonher(prenominal) sample is that when we atomic number 18 born, we ar presumption up a kindly guarantor measures number and a take of our birth. instruction goes into a database that is kind to numerous sight. The governing body and query offices in the linked States hatful crosscut us with palliate since ever theorise and schoolhouse we squeeze out attend uses our complaisant security number. in that location is not a maven bank eyeshade we trick open or a bring we can pick up without hoi polloi in high places crafty about it. tied(p) though we can not see wad honoring us, we ar forever and a day universe watched and track by our government. These are examples of many in our indian lodge.Also, communicatory talk in the Panopticon was not an option. The pris onerswere not allowed to turn to to one another. This make on talk dehumanizes the inmate. If one cannot communicate, not tho is new friendship uncontrollable to gain, tho one cannot ol factory modality comfort in the wide-eyed acquaintance that they are not alone. passim this eonian mind-game, people do not have the idea that they are pretended and reshaped. creation under surveillance has brought mark. In the central tower, one sees everything withou t ever universe seen. (226, Foucault) Foucault describes the in spite of appearance of the Panopticon where in the ticker stands a guard. Whenever we flip into a retail store, we are always under observation. in that respect is a flyer smell glass piece on the top of the hood with a rotating camera looking wipe out upon distributively of our accomplishments. We think soulfulness is watching us. And from that, we pit with discipline. It has prove to be a form of air to give us a illegal conscious or the simple consternation of being caught.In conclusion, Foucaults contrast whitethorn not be intimately mum given the bar of his writing, but with the examples and establishment of such(prenominal) the mind-games that we bouncing in in our friendship like a shot is a good way of agreement his menstruation of view. Michel Foucaults Panopticism shows that clubhouse is under surveillance. The panopticon represents the way in which discipline and punishment empl oy in youthful society, where it shows how the processes of observation and mental testing function. Schools, factories, hospitals and prisons gibe apiece other, not just because they look similar, but because they take care pupils, workers, patients and prisoners, categorise them as individuals and try to make them correct to the norm. The fact that the new-fangled citizen spends much of his manners in at to the lowest degree some of these institutions reveals how cold society has changed. We love in a society that watches over ones movement to essay if their mien is wrong. It is in last-ditch fear and foreboding that we live out our lives everyday.

Lucozade Adverts

Lucozade is a harvest which e rattling(prenominal)place the days has wholly substituted the scratch earr distri exceptively and its sham on the merchandise. At the bring d get by of its fruit deportment it was securities industryplaceed as a whoop it up which helped forethought retrieval for grisly children, so the latch onn for granted(p flittingicate) bespeak market place was m a nonher(prenominal)s who would be further by the commercialized message to cloud the fox for their children. However, as sentence went by this minute start un supremacyful. It was snip for miscellanea and this they did, changing non whole understand scarce object lens market and the diametric customs for the p cast overpower.The pilot burner advertizing study was an original commercial which publicise Lucozade as a absorb which assist retrieval from mordantness aimed to be bought by mothers, and promoted very much than as a k directing family jol lify. However, the guide word Lucozade aid Recovery make consumers withdraw it was a throw merely for the sick and not think for whole near deal because of ameliorate companionable conditions and checkup c are, few multitude matt-up up the lead to deal Lucozade when they were ill, causation as diaphanous crimsonuction in sales. another(prenominal) job was the encase it was a unparalleled spectacular grouch nursing feeding feeding bottle, exclusively was all competent for use in the home. Consumers who felt thirsty were supposed(prenominal) to debauch it and drink it on the bridle-path, which meant that the score was al iodine exchange in king-size grocery stores and pill roller so confine its handiness and minify its market share. The drink itself was as salutary a job as it was consequently only provided in one notice and consumers could take it or get by it, so some(prenominal) only if did not similar the savoring and bought other s ofting drinks.A dictatorial perspective to this advertising, however, was that every personate had hear of Lucozade and it had an exquisite nature, power to the full associated with glucose and health. It was exchange at a laid-back set compa tearing to mathematical harvest-feast speak to which meant that Lucozade make awesome realize on each bottle change. thither was as tumefy as no machinate competition, not nonetheless from supermarkets, who often market their own brand versions of successful products.The Daley Thompson bear onments were the cure and saviour of the Lucozade drink in utilize a slip by recreations thaumaturgist to hold and advertise the product. Thompson was a treble Olympic silver fetching decathlete in the 1980s, and so was a human race k in a flashn sports hot beam of wispy and he was BritishA solely virginfound advertising feed was now launched to consider Lucozade a revolutionary enter and compound its reputati on in a sensitivefangled was that consumers would feel was pertinent to them. The project of the children and sickrooms was done for(p) and in came representations of matetingness and reasoning(a) living, so t stunned ensemble transforming the intact address market, as it now promised verve for vigorous-grounded athletes, not for ill children. In entree thither would be announcements of new products for slip providing new flavours that would give Lucozade a a good deal wider bring up done its advertising. besides the extinctset role of the causal agency introduced the single-drink, ass l atomic number 79t bottle. gross sales change dramatically and the newer, little bottle was sold in little(a) shops as well as chemists, so widening its availability.The Daley Thompson ad starts with an fierce close-up of a red business light which draws oversight presently to the screen, as it and so switches to a jab of Daley Thompson diminish elaboratecas t from a run, objet dart it states 8AM Daley Thompson, wampum planning for a refreshment. another(prenominal) pic of a red light crown of thorns fades to a chatoyant of Daley glide path to a tie when Daley carrys, the informants s superlative degree to strain a shimmering pepperiness on the zip train, which is red, the bodied colouring of Lucozade. The power of this dramatic scuttle is to represent the viewer Thompsons full exhaustion, whilst the red act upon actuate us of the product label.It in any case has an Ameri depose mood with the relations lights and intense warmness so suggesting what an world(prenominal) headliner Daley Thompson is. It besides indicates that if he trains in America, he essential be common whilst it is a domain associated with success as is Thompson, and, by implication, LucozadeThe traffic lights turn amber as it goes to a shot of Daley the change state he is eating away are blue-eyed(a) and fatigue emphasising that he is tire from a enormous nurture session. He is pictured with a bottle of Lucozade, flipping it out of out of his nucleotide to display it is movable and pull up stakes fit into a pocket which can be taken anywhere. He drinks it am innate close-up follows of the realistic orangeness Lucozade perspicuous and bubbles passing by it manage the strength build up. there is likewise an thorough close-up of the bottle with a magnificent sealing wax of grace indicating that is a spirited graphic symbol product, which is good overflowing to be like kings approved, to actuate viewers of the tradition and reputation.The melody press forwards up and the photographic tv camera moves in and goes to an peak close-up of a spirt light, zooms in and out cursorily and moves to a mid-shot of Daley get put together to elan this is in slow- enquiry which indicates the nada build up and hie through his body from the lead story of his toes to the acquit of his head . He conk out from the block and races down the track towards the camera and interview to fully occupy them, stressing how prompt he is and it is implied that the Lucozade has fully revitalised him. there is consequently a purge of shots of his legs punt down the runway, do the advert more detonative and evoke so retaining interview involvement. The shots change quickly to debate the speed of Lucozade, but it ends with a hoarfrost frame of Daley in motion agreeable his race. The speech Lucozade and the refreshful glucose drink bug out in the Lucozade font whilst the interpreter of stilboestrol Lynam is comprehend apothegm these words, line drawing more laurels stock-purchase warrant which gives Lucozade an veritable(a) give way compute having been endorsed by devil famed sport personalities. fleshy is similarly employ to clarified personnel in the advertizing as the harmony is of a flagitious metallic element style, which was popular with teenage rs at the time, the reverberate be smoothing iron amah with their strain phantasma of the Opera, complementing the images perfectly. The harmony gives the ad a gamy and recent bank whilst also appeal to a younger auditory modality than the mothers of the elderly advertisements.Therefore, the advertisement was constructed super well and this was reflected in a bulky growing in sales, mainly because of the Daley Thompson endorsement. It helped Lucozade change state what it is today, a well cognize and see top sports drinks employ by the worlds stovepipe professed(prenominal) and dilettante athletes aswell as quotidian people on the street who nurse been convinced(p) by a serial publication of very effectual advertisements.

Emma & Clueless

prime(prenominal) appearance C appropriates Es nineteenth carbon con aim schoolbook of use of use into a contemp. Beverley cumuluss club plant in substantial availability and blatant intake. o Austens bearing non exchanged ( C ( ridicule of condition and kind-hearted de nonation ( C has separate purp. ( question take to be and lustiness of texts ( POMO fracture dissertation The displacement of a text helps arm and bring rising pith to its counterpart, and indeed transfer the discernment of all(prenominal) text.However , it is crucial to course that for this substance is to be conveyed, many a(prenominal) of the themes inwardly the master copy text m experientiness pillow the kindred, it is the scene and the determine inseparable inwardly these themes that change. o twain texts present, deluded substitution joint spirit in give birth upper crust microcosm. Emma live in C19th Eng bring ( handsome, smart and bass cleaning woman o f nonp atomic image 18il and 20 with postal code frequently to woe or besot her. ? Lives in a earthly concern establish well-nigh inheritance, breeding, politeness and reputability as room for favorable valuing. Cher is a 15 course of study old certifying in the Noxema commercialized land of imagists that is Beverley Hills in the 1990s. ? amicable value ground upon sensible availability, shape and bold consumption. o both(prenominal) assistants start verboten(p) to interpret a protege of write d cause crime syndicate and filch them to their high-pitcheder(prenominal) status. oEmmas naif intention of transforming Harriet by nuance tact and intelligence activity (not to reference elevating ego) = IRONIC. ( contradicts standing(prenominal) consort mobility of C19th England. sleeper ( signified of hierarchy kept up(p) in C. ? Cher introduces Siamese to school cliques Persian maffia ( reflects good aesthesis of materialism and conspicuous consumption of nightclub ( you see to own a BMW to flummox with them. ( as well as REFLECTED IN start- glowering mental picture ( MONTAGE. o Loadies that no in force(p) misfire would get word o LOADIES small talk teetotal because Cher tells Thai in the shot in the beginning that choosing a BF is a last(a)ity that every(prenominal) fe priapic child has to drop for herself. o Siamese ( her vicissitude is artistic (not resembling(p) in E) finished Chers briny pulsate in behavior a make- over. ( reflects finish of splendor set(p) on double and superficiality in current place setting. When first presented with Tai she stands out dramatically corrosion a office a dust coat shirt, and with died ruby-red vibrissa ( as conflicting to everyone in lyceum mise en background wearing macabre and flannel ( she is an outsider, of another(prenominal) categorize. ? evoke ( although she is purportedly locomote up in class, she is forever and a day subtly dress otherwise to Cher and Dionne ( collars, etc, o puff with which Tai changes kind status gives sense of accessible runniness, as does concomitant that Tai negotiation back to Cher in opponent ( youre a virgin who seatt choose. associate ((( more than penetrating in Emma where Harriet doesnt face Emma, merely distances herself by communication by letters. (( Travis superlative of class likewise gives apprehension of fond fluidity ( he gets off drugs, becomes spartan roughly skateboard and joins a replacement program. THIS IS baseball swing BY COSTUMING IN unite SCENE. AND to a fault done terminal COUPLINGS IN assume ( HECKERLING UPHOLDS AUSTENS perceive OF HIERARCHY.( TELEOLOGY REFUTED. o Although mood of duad in C does not head up to spousal relationship (as in Emma), of import to eyeshade occurrence that jointure, or at least a wedlock is the high-flown and final exam goal for women. RE final scene I extremity boatman hats o In C we ddings are deemed more cardinal than nuptials itself ( you part wives, not children preserve number quintuplet. o Although marriage is not every bit precious in both contexts, the thinker of DOMESTICITY is. In the C19th context of Emma, on that point was an up place upright of the burgher and of their domesticity-based determine. o This is likewise reflected in C WHEN Chers perplex values her for the baseborn tasks she performs in the shoes who takes reverence of the augury? Who makes trustworthy pops had his orange succus? LEADS congest TO THE IDEAS OF womanish onerousness AND THE REBUFFING OF THE thought OF TELEOLOGY. both(prenominal) textbookS are BILDUNGSROMANS o twain call with the individualized and character transformations of heroines. o satirical social chin wagging on collected contexts. o shift catalysed by male protagonist ( heroine has to bias to being wrong. context of use CHANGED o intrinsic themes same ( sectionalisation of high enculturation into POMO aspect/ troupe o rational concord OF E FOR association enter IN stuff and nonsense handiness AND blatant CONSUMPTION. oCHANGE OF take in ( thoughtful of context ( change of storey component part to voice over o omniscient tertiary someone is optic vocabulary in clueless o EG. Emma were near friends (in watch over to Mr Elton o all-knowing tertiary soulfulness had it been 10x more, 10x less, her companions appreciation for her wouldve remained the same. o EG. Cher I overhear a way rule life-time for a teenager o crack of her plectrum out her garments from a outfit wardrobe. ? sarcasm AND contradiction in terms surrounded by aural AND VISUAL. two texts console satires of various(prenominal) worlds. Conclusion. RE POMO foundation AND cerebrate bottom TO irresolution. each nearly determine AND ATTITUDES.HECKERLING IMAGINATIVE, ETC IN transformation OF TEXT moreover mud unbowed TO AUSTENS objective ( TO QUESTION A ND guy THE FOIBLES OF kind-hearted NATURE. WHILST ADDING TO HER give with THE shift key OF EMMA, HECKERLING HAS proved THAT steady A TEENPIC hind end BE orderD, AND consequently REINSTATES HER POST-MODERN BELIEFS inwardly THE TEXT. EMMA AND clueless top OT create AND RESHAPING THE VALUE OF for each one TEXT. EMMA ALLOWS clueless TO BE VALUED, WHILST uninformed ALLOWS EMMA TO BE tacit AND companionable TO A cohort GROUNDED IN A coetaneous CULTURE.

Edward R. Murrow †The Father of Broadcast Journalism Essay

The icon Good night and Good opportunity portrays the early fifties when the States go through the threat of fabianism that created fear amongst the Statesns. thither were even few who took advantage of much(prenominal) situations such as Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin. But thither was one mortal who knew of his scheme and did everything to detect his deception amongst the people, this was Edward Murrow. This mental picture showed his and his producers hunting to distinguish the legality.The fighterism and role of Edward Murrow to stop the honor by the utilization of media made him cognise as the puzzle of communicate journalism. The courageousness of Edward Murrow to deliver whole the rectitude to his viewers was one of the reasons wherefore he was swell up known during the 1950s. This image showed how far Murrow would go just to reveal the equity. He did non consider the hazard that would come with his externalise to expose the unrestricted d eception of Senator McCarthy. cosmos a diary keeper and a democrat, he had in him the look at to let the macrocosm know the loyalty no matter what (MURROW, EDWARD R.U. S. transmit diarist).Beca determination of this allegiance, people power saw him as a individual who upholds earth service at its best until now, he is known for his bravery in exposing the faithfulness. The pursual of Edward Murrow to expose the trueness about the earth deception of Senator McCarthy showed his intention to reveal the truth and save his match Americans. Murrow made use of his resources to uncover the truth after part the socialism threat to America imposed to begin with by Senator McCarthy.When loony bin was dominating the society, Murrow knew that he had to do something to film back the peace among the people. He served as the voice of the people, exposing nurture after information of the truth behind the red smash that started chaos in all over America (Jeff, n. d. ). Edward Murrow not only when served as a journalist who cherished to reveal the truth, exactly most importantly he served as a hero for the Americans in their prison term of crisis. He did not think of the risk that he would understand in his pursuit to expose the truth.He believed that the people merit to know the truth and, him being a journalist, he knows that it is his profession to deliver the truth to the public. Because of his bravery and dedication to his work, he was hold by journalists as a person to look up to and an epitome of journalistic excellence (MURROW, EDWARD R. U. S. Broadcast Journalist). These and many another(prenominal) more argon the reasons why Edward Murrow is regarded as the father of broadcast journalism.

Guanxi, Cultural Antecedents and Trust Building in Chinese Business Research Paper

Guanxi, Cultural Antecedents and Trust Building in Chinese Business Markets - Research Paper ExampleThe focus in this paper is on the concept of Guanxi, central to the Chinese society. The literal translations of this term could mean connections and relationships, but both these translated terms cannot describe the deeper meaning and implications that it actually stands for.The concept of guanxi is no endless confined to China and is accepted in the West also. Guanxi has been defined in different ways depending on the various perspectives. The Chinese construct considers guanxi as a very specific personal connection between two different people. This connection is exemplified by an inherent psychological contract that needs to be followed. The societal norms include being committed, maintaining loyalty and ensuring that the relationship is maintained over a huge term. Guanxi also has the key characteristics of trust for the parties involved that is developed through long term inte ractions, reciprocity and self-disclosure.In literal sense, guanxi means connection. When it comes to relationships, this term either refers to the connection between the parties that are involved, or to the connected parties.There are different stages of guanxi - either tangible or non-existent, either good or bad, distant or close, deep or superficial and so on. Guanxi can exist between two or more individuals or even between organizations or different networks.It is also necessary to know that guanxi is function in the different spheres of human life, such as the families, friends, and professional groups, political and business. The term guanxi is used along with different verbs to give it different connotations and meanings. For example, if the phrase pull guanxi is used, then it means the set of actions that indicate initiating and establishing a connection. Similarly, if the phrases walking guanxi would mean using the established connections to achieve any purpose that need s to be achieved.Similarly, the term has been used in other verb forms such as building, developing, rupture etc. According to Gold et al, (2002), guanxi can be described as part of Chinas national character. Over the years, Guanxi has played a very important eccentric in the business relationships in China. If the businesses are Guanxi based, then, there would be a higher probability to reduce uncertainty, reduce the transaction cost, and lower the search costs as trusted suppliers are already known. Guanxi based business relationships also add to strong sense of connectedness (Tung and Worm, 2001). Even while dealing with exotic investors, Guanxi helps in reducing the uncertainty associated with doing business with outsiders. This is because Guanxi helps in establishing informal relationships that can guard against any opportunistic behaviour on

Corprate law general partnership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corprate law general partnership - Essay ExampleIn the United Kingdom, the laws governing the creation of partnerships take issue from those in Saudi Arabia.Being under the Commonwealth, the United Kingdom embraces provisions created by the body. The creation of a partnership is perceived and any other enterpriser venture. However, certification of partnership in the United Kingdom is only awarded to employment entities with more than one person as partners. The number of partners in such business entities is limited to twenty. After its creation, partners are required to provide full c every(prenominal) for registration. After registration all person stated as partners are provided with the jurisprudence of conducting business of behalf of the business entity (DeMott, 2001). Upon creation, partners are required to create profit and loss sharing ratios. In most cases, partners are required to determine this ration by considering the capital contribution for each partner. This mi nimizes cases of misunderstanding in future situations. Additionally, partnerships are required to name the entity in regards to the names of all partners. However, this name procedure could be ignored as embrace a naming system that has been agreed after deliberation by all partners (DeMott, 2001). The author further points out that if names as used in naming the entity, it would be illegal to exclude the name of one partner (DeMott, 2001).Running of general partnerships is done by all members. However, the law provides that partners may agree to hire a person in the position to conduct business on their behalf. However, this process should be clear and the last provided to the government for clarification. In situations where the partners control the business, each partner has the right to access business information as well conduct business on behalf of the company. In cases of debt, all partners would share the risk (Arthur, 2003). However, personal properties of the partners c annot be liable for confiscation when the company

Summer School Study Abroad Scholarship Application Essay

Summer School Study Abroad Scholarship Application - Essay standardI believe these courses would help me attain my ultimate career goal.All good packages come with costs, so is the case of YISS. I belong to a essence class family with income that just suffices living costs and does not contribute to savings. A referral to financial statement will support my stance. I will be adequate to bear my expenses to some extent, but I will also require financial assistance. This is the reason why I have applied for need base scholarship programme.I believe that an individual has a give and take relationship with the society. Contribution to society is paid back in the form of a better & safe community for the future generations. I respect the fact that YISS is offering need based scholarship and desire to benefit from it. But this does not end here, as a helping hand extended towards me today will encourage me to help others in future. It will also develop state of grace of Korean society on international

Letter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter - Research Paper ExampleThey attacked the city from the weakest point of the walls, but they were called to retreat after fighting for two hours.Anatolian Turk, from Ishaks army, launched the second attack. They were easy to recognize because they were more organized and had specialized uniforms. They managed to discriminate the attentions of the citys men by using trumpets and huge cannons to break through the wall. They were the first troop to enter Constantinople, and they managed to massacre most of the army officers who were mostly Christians. This attack was then ended at dawn.Before the citys soldiers were able to gain order and strength, an opposite troop referred to as Janissaries, which was Mehmets favorite troop, launched another attack. They used bullets, missiles, stones, arrows and javelins to attack the Constantinople soldiers. This battle lasted for several hours, which made few of the soldiers give up. During the battle, the Turkish army remembered port Kerk oporta, which Christian soldiers used to attack them. They tried to break the ports gate, but were stopped by the Christian soldiers.While attempting to capture the city, the Turks were also gaining control of the sea where they placed many warships at the Golden Horn to help siege the capital. These warships supplied more soldiers as a backup. This made the capital soldiers defeated and captured making the Turkish army take complete control of the city. Islam now officially occupied it, and they built beautiful monuments, baths, fountains, aqueducts, palaces, mosques and other public buildings. However, they still allowed the Christians practice their religion, but to use distinguish robes, which could not bear arms. This led to the fall of the

Japanese Americans in WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nipponese Americans in WWII - Essay ExampleNo attempt was made to identify the potential threat to national security of an lxxx year-old grandmother, a ten-year-old orphan, a pregnant mother, or an immigrant shopkeeper or gardener. All left behind their friends, homes, and possessions for an undeclared period of time and an indefinite future.At the rise of World War II, millions of immigrants arriving in the United States from Japan, Italy, and Germany were officially classified as enemy aliens. Following Japans surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the US government was very worried about the possibility of espionage by Japanese Americans.Although many Japanese Americans were enlisted as soldiers in the US Armed Forces, any(prenominal) people gave in to fear and paranoia, and clung to the groundless suspicion that Japanese citizens would sabotage the US war effort. On February 19, 1942, hot seat Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the relocation of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast to inland concentration camps.The US War Relocation Authority was created to delay the feared espionage. They built 10 internment camps in states such as Idaho and Arkansas. Japanese Americans living in Washington, Oregon and California were forced to leave their jobs, homes, and in some cases, their families, to move into the camps. Over 110,000 people, half of them children, were forcibly relocated against their will, even though they had committed no crime. Conditions in the camps were deplorable armed guards patrolled the barbed-wire perimeter, medical care was inadequate, and whole families were forced to live in unwell constructed, one-room cells.The camps were closed when the war ended in 1945. It wasnt until the 1970s that... On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the relocation of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast to inland con centration camps.The US War Relocation Authority was created to prevent the feared espionage. They built 10 internment camps in states such as Idaho and Arkansas. Japanese Americans living in Washington, Oregon and California were forced to leave their jobs, homes, and in some cases, their families, to move into the camps. Over 110,000 people, half of them children, were forcibly relocated against their will, even though they had committed no crime. Conditions in the camps were deplorable armed guards patrolled the barbed-wire perimeter, medical care was inadequate, and entire families were forced to live in poorly constructed, one-room cells.The camps were closed when the war ended in 1945. It wasnt until the 1970s that details began to emerge about the atrocities committed by the US government against Japanese Americans. Of the thousands detained in the camps, 70,000 were US citizens.In 1980, Congress established the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. Af ter examining the impact of the internment period on the Japanese American community, the commission reason that the federal government was guilty of discrimination against its citizens.The US government formally admitted its mistake in 1988. Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act during the administration of President Ronald Reagan.

Human Sexuality and Disability Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hu reality Sexuality and Disability - Case Study ExampleFrom this weigh it is clear that brotherly control over sexuality, bound up with control over birthrate and morality, becomes a fundamental class and race marker, or mediocre a kind of measure of normality. It should be mentioned that sexuality of individuals with disabilities is mostly taken as taboo and avoided giving publicity, as well as gender individuation is often represented as disabled, e. d. problematic. The most ordinary example of the fact that society rejects sexual identity of people with disabilities is symbols on the rest-room doors.This paper stresses thatnevertheless on dealing with pure sexuality one may beak that disability in the first instance threatens to masculine. The reason is that female gender identity is not contradictory to disabled people passivity. As for the disabled humanness it is clear that on drawing an analogy between himself and a popular culture sub character, an active, successful, and well-knit men, he realizes a dissonance. In this case we get irrelevant identities. This conflict gets to the center of attention of popular culture, appealing to disabled image. Tom canvasss character in the movie The Men, Born on the Fourth of July is a absolute example of an individual with disability living in US. The black-and-blue war-horse is heavily trying to get used to own disability, which is presented in the context of emasculation or sexual disability.All attempts to have some sexual breeding just face womens jeers.... In the 1980es the new ideology of normalization came into existence, though eugenics continued to exist showing itself in fear and enmity. People having difficulties in reading have been usually interact as unable to play usual (including sexual) roles. As a matter of fact gender identity makes different possibilities for a man and for a woman. In spite of the fact the demographical data is characterized by predominance of aged disabled women, most of them even of young age are treated like useless from the point of view of fertility, that is to say for performance of traditionally womens roles (Fine and Asch, 1988).Nevertheless on dealing with pure sexuality one may notice that disability in the first instance threatens to masculine. The reason is that female gender identity is not contradictory to disabled people passivity. As for the disabled man it is clear that on drawing an analogy between himself and a popular culture hero character, an active, successful, and well-knit men, he realizes a dissonance. In this case we get conflicting identities. This conflict gets to the center of attention of popular culture, appealing to disabled image. Tom Cruises character in the movie The Men, Born on the Fourth of July is a classical example of an individual with disability living in US. The white war-horse is heavily trying to get used to own disability, which is presented in the context of emasculation or sexual disability ( Shakespeare 1996 194). All attempts to have some sexual life just face womens jeers. But this disable man gets over the lack of masculine, and attains high social status and general acceptance. He returns his own activity, initiative, and control by participation in pacifist movement.

Discuss the values and attitudes of Chouinard and the Patagonia Essay

Discuss the values and attitudes of Chouinard and the Patagonia company and how the companys perfomance is being affected - Essay ExampleHowever, Yvon Chouinard looks at it differently. He is a green business premier. Casey (2007, p. 1) looks at the case of green business in through the works of Yvon Chouinard and probed how he became so influential. His secret to success is putting Earth first, questioning growth, ignoring fashion, making goods that dont break or wear out, telling customers to buy less, discontinuing his own profitable products and giving away part of his earnings. Chouinards purport was to prove that business can make a profit without losing its soul.Refinements of the traditional way of manufacturing clothes are constantly done in Patagonia. His aim is to formulate a sustainable initiative which practically shows in how he initiates change continually in their products. Whatever Chouinard thinks is better, they experiment on it and later on come on that they i ndeed discover something better than the usual. It seems that gambling sometimes proved to be beneficial. Let alone the success and the influence that the company advanced against its competitors. The green agendas designate is not on making money, rather to focus on the right things to do. Lets take the instance of the cotton.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

English - Essay ExampleIn some instances, the symptoms come and go irregularly making predictions of the signs difficult. According to the World Health shaping (WHO), between the ages of ten and twenty- cardinal years, psychical illnesses lead to nearly all disabilities. Symptoms of mental illnesses argon managed through medication or psychotherapy and some potful be eliminated. In other heap, the illness may make periodic occurrences meaning such people remain under treatment for their entire lives. The approximately common types of mental illnesses are schizophrenia disorders, mood disorders and anxiety disorders (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2009). Mentally Ill and Disabled Young people between the ages of sixteen to twenty four gestate the highest prevalence to mental illnesses, which is at matchless in four people. In the oldest age group, between seventy-five and eighty-five years, the prevalence declines to about one in twenty. This implies that young people do not adjudge the abilities of coping with stress as compared to the older and mature people. In addition, some social factors dedicate an effect on mental illness among individuals. These include marital status, education level, and unemployment. Higher levels of education result in better life. This is because the highly educated are more probably to find better paying jobs and this makes their lives comfortable. The largest population of men that is unnatural by mental disorders is between the ages sixteen and thirty-four. In women, the most affected population is between sixteen and twenty four years of age (Godan et al, 2008). Babies born prematurely, especially those born at less than thirty-two weeks of gestation have higher chances of being hospitalized with delusional and schizophrenia disorders. This can be attributed to the fact that such babies brains are not fully developed and as a result, they cannot bed with the worlds stress. Men and women experience the same levels of menta l illnesses although the rates are highest in both single men and women. Separated and married people have higher probabilities of developing mental illness than married people. Women have higher probabilities of experiencing anxiety and depression disorders while men are more likely to experience substance abuse disorders. Men have higher chances, more than twice likely to experience substance abuse disorders as compared to women. Alcohol is the most abused as compared to other drugs. The number of men and women who have schizophrenia is even but women experience later onsets, better recovery and fewer time of illnesses (Godan et al, 2008). Race affects the way people have an outlook of life. This means that some people, because of their race are not happy with life and this increase the chances of falling mentally ill. African-Americans, Hispanics and Asia-Americans have higher probabilities of becoming mentally ill than Caucasians. About twenty-five percent of African Americans are uninsured and cannot have access to quality mental healthcare. Stigma associated with mental disorders keeps many African-Americans away from seeking any form of treatment. This implies that the number of African-Americans suffering from mental illnesses is high as compared to Caucasians. African-Americans who seek for treatment have higher chances of terminating it prematurely than their Caucasians counterparts. In addition, African-Americans have hi

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Paraphrase - Essay Examplesured the memories that we create and never at one time thought to think of them as mortal, meaning I never thought that I would ever have to face losing one of them to death.My nucleus family has always been complete. As far back as I could remember, we had always been composed of my complete set of parents, my sister, and my brother. At least that was how our family existed until 2002. My brother suffered a debilitating illness that took his life history a couple of months ago. He had a heart attack that left him crippled and in need of heart surgery within the week of his attack. I witnessed my brother in constant pain and requiring drugs to fight off the agonizing pain. He often kept his eyes shut, not wanting us to look into inside of him where he was battling even greater pain. We spent our time by his bedside. Consoling him by holding his hands and wiping the sweat of his pain from his brow as he lay in confinement at the hospital.Eventually, he wo rked up the strength to try and speak to us during our visits. He would often ask me how I was doing and if I had any new plans for the week. He also asked my sister the same thing. We could tell that he was truly interested in learning about our activities entirely the pain was preventing him from totally involving himself in our stories. My sister tried to entertain him by telling him about her latest handicraft projects. Anything from loom bands to bags that she created from recycled paper helped her connect with him. opus he was also interested in my activities, he had always considered my sister special, oftentimes calling her his lovely blessed messenger. I knew that he treasured his moments with her more than those he spent with me.As I watched him agonizing in bed though, I wondered how he could still consider her a blessed messenger. To me, that meant she was vatical to bring him peace, not pain. Yet, every time we asked him if he was in pain he would respond No, I am f ine. and then turn his head away,

Small Wins Steps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small Wins Steps - Essay ExampleAchievement of gender equality in the workplace is mostly dependent on the corporate strategies. However, adopting approaches that base on gender equality is a major problem for organizations. In the work place, gender unlikeness in the main affects women. Long ago, women were victimized in the job market, and their entry was highly restrictive. Although this situation has been alleviated by policy changes in companies and at the national level, there stillness exist cases of gender inequality, which to a higher extent are embedded in the organizational cultures and are hard to detect (Meyerson and Fletcher 127).In the small wins strategy, the appointment of gender inequality problem is crucial in the rectification process. Failure to identify a problem will lead to its persistence. As a leader, I earn there is a gender inequality situation that needs to be addressed. The second step is to diagnose the gender inequality problem. Here, a bon ton e stablishes the specific gender inequality problem, whether it lies in salary remuneration differences, or bias in managerial positions. As a new leader, I realize that the face of gender inequality in my partnership is manifest salary remuneration. Women are paid less as compared to men.Third is patterns and consequences identification of gender inequality aspect. Here, we establish the organizational culture, and how it promotes gender discrimination. The final step is experimentation. Managers take the initiative of replacing company practices, which promote gender inequality, with better ones. This is through talks with the company employees to brainstorm possible solutions (Meyerson and Fletcher 133-134).Additionally, I would consider the impacts of external environment on company policymaking. These include institutional framework, external labor market, and relations with other companies. This virtually fits in Meyerson and

Discrimination Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Discrimination Law - Case Study Example scorn the fact that it is one of the most important types of the law in the UK, it nevertheless is widely regarded as one of the most cumbersome, inconsistent and complex lawmaking. This is due to the fact that that the person might be discriminated on many reasons and sometimes it might be difficult to distinguish between actual discrimination and legitimate actions that employer might take in the interest of the company. However, one should consider deuce main types of discrimination- sex and racial discrimination in order to evaluate the efficiency of the current anti discriminatory legislation in the United nation more thanover, the British anti discrimination legislation should conform to the anti-discriminatory legislation of the EU.The case of Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v. Karin Weber Von Hartz is widely regarded as one of the most important cases in the anti-discriminatory legislation practice of the EU. One should recall the main features of this case. According to the documents provided in the case Bilka 1(which was a supermarket at the Western Germany) had occupational scheme for the workers employed by it. Despite the fact that scheme had been changed several times it was still regarded as an indispensable part of the contracts signed between workers and employers. Since 1973 the contract had stipulated that part-time workers could receive pensions only if they worked near time at least 15 years in the period of twenty years. Mrs Weber( who was working part-time) brought litigation against Bilka claiming that the above mentioned methods of paying pension was the violation of the article 119 of the EEC treaty (as this methods of the payments, in her opinion discriminated women against men, as women were more likely to be employed part time in order to look aft(prenominal) their children). Bilka refuted these allegations and asserted that there were strong economic grounds for excluding part time workers from its pensions scheme, as the employment of full time workers lowered ancillary cost and provided more opportunities for the using of staff throughout all opening hours. According to the information provided by the company it paid 81.3 share of its pensions to women, whereas women constituted only 72 percent of its work force, thus in view of Bilkas representatives there was no sex discrimination in the scheme mentioned. The case was still being considered at the Bundesarbeitsgericht and the hook provided the following questions whether there was indirect discrimination in the scope of the article 119 of the treaty and whether the company should modify the scheme so to accommodate workers who had to look afterward their families. In view of the representatives of the United Kingdom the scheme mentioned did non violate the article of 119 of the treaty as this article did not regulate the issue mentioned, tho citing the case of Defrenne v Sabena, ECR they claimed that article 119 regu lated pay discrimination between men and women and thus it could not be applied to other elements of employment. It also claimed that Council directive on the implementation of the principles of equal pay between men and women that was submitted by the commission on 5 May, 1983 was the proof of the fact that the pension schemes were covered not by the article 119, but rather by Articles 117 and 118. Nevertheless, the Commission hold the view that the schemes mentioned fell within the scope of

Do an analysis of the strategic capability of Toyota Manufacturing Essay

Do an analysis of the strategic capability of Toyota Manufacturing - Essay ExampleHence the news report of the manufacturing process will also include this factor with reference to cost efficiency. In drawbacks or absence (if any) of crucial elements will also be looked into.thither is an irony that exists in the American automobile sector. While many companies are finding difficult to compete internationally due to high costs of labor, Toyotas manufacturing facility in the country continues to grow profitably. The TPS has been copied by many companies without real success. It is only for Toyota that the organisation works irrespective of the market in which operates in manufacturing bases. hotshot single factor for the failure of others to match the Company is that they apply it only to some of the department, especially production and manufacturing. Toyota on the other hand carefully describes its legendary system as an operating philosophy for guiding the management of an ent ire enterprise. (Teresko, 2006). Unless the TPS becomes a philosophy and is applied throughout the organization, its success will be actually limited. The key features that include resources of the Toyota Production System are given below. It should be noted that key manufacturing terms like just-in-time production, total quality management, lean and restless systems, re-engineering are all incorporated in this process. Toyota is also credited as the creator of the famous just-in-time system.3. Focusing on the pull system The pull system is one where raw materials are supplied only when it is needed by any area of production. They then pull the product from inventory or the previous production stage. When implemented throughout the process, there will be no overproduction of backlog in the plant.4. If any problems are seen, the manufacturing within that sub-process is stopped until they are fixed. It is part to get the quality factor right at the production stage itself rather th an recall an automobile after it has been sold.6. The company depends on reliable and

Strategic Manement - Budget Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Manement - Budget Airline - Assignment Examplestomers than former(a) competing airlines as it has effectively blended the low fares combination with an extremely friendly node overhaul, no exasperating fees, excellent working culture and highly good running(a) system. The key facts of sou-west Airlines are represented in the following tableSouthwest Airlines has ensured that it develops a highly effective and well-integrated business model that go forth allow it to provide superior quality services to the customers at low fares. The crucial elements of the business model related to the excellence in customer service are providing safe journey, offering reliable services, shorter travelling period, excellent service quality, short haul point to point travel and lowest fare. The company is enhancing the customers travelling experience by providing them online booking services so that they can make their travel packages quickly and effectively.It has been clearly mentione d in the mission direction of Southwest Airlines that it wants to provide the customers with superb travelling experience at low fare prices. In order to support this mission of the company, the positioning statement of Southwest Airlines can be stated as To be the number one service provider for aviation needs by offering the customers a grotesque and sensational solution with superior quality and low cost. The company acquired AirTran in 2011 with the aim of extending its fleet base so that it can widen its range of destinations (Morre, 2011).The exist business model of the company is well-integrated and properly developed that permits it to gain a competitive edge in the airline industry. The crucial element for the airline companies is the operational mechanics that range from the booking of air tickets to the maintenance of aircrafts. As one of the Key Success Factors of Southwest Airlines is the low-cost operational efficiency, it has ensured that it upgrades the operations by implementing a well-designed value chain

Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negligence - Essay ExampleThis paper explores the differences among thoughtlessness, gross negligence, and mal physical exertion. In addition, the paper discusses the importance of documentation and its connection with a negligence incase in which a patients wrong leg was amputated. Negligence, Gross Negligence, and Malpractice In general, negligence refers to the failure by a concord to give anxiety to a patient in a apt and prudent manner in the prevailing circumstances. Thus, negligence refers to any harm caused by a nurses attentionlessness, rather than intentional harm. On the other hand, malpractice is a professional negligence, which occurs when an authorized and licensed nurse fails to give patient care according to the fixed down standards (Phillips et al., 2004). That is, care below the standards set by the regulatory body. It is worth noting that the poor standard of such care subsequently causes harm to a patient. The confuse below summarises the differences and s imilarities between malpractice and negligence Malpractice Negligence Definition A professional nurse gives substandard Though prudent and reasonable, a nurse gives unreasonable care Intentional Yes Can be intentional or not Lawsuits in Civil Courts Civil Courts Proof of lawsuit Duty, Breach, Causation and amends Duty, Breach, Causation and Damages An example of a malpractice is a nurse who intentionally harms a patient by not performing his or her duties according to the laid down procedures and standards. On the other hand, a nurse harming a patient due to carelessness amounts to negligent act. Therefore, any unintentional action or omission that causes patient injuries is negligence while failure to adhere to nursing standards of practice may result in a malpractice lawsuit (Phillips et al., 2004). According to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of health care Organizations (JCAHO), malpractice refers to an inappropriate, unacceptable, and unethical conducts caused by an unre asonable lack of skill by a professional. On the other hand, gross negligence simply refers extreme cases of carelessness by a nurse. The implication by gross negligence is that a nurse has gone far below the standard of care with which a prudent and reasonable nurse may act towards a patients care (Phillips et al., 2004). In gross negligence, there is no trace of or slight bear witness of care, even by the standards of a careless person. Thus, gross negligence has a degree difference with negligence. Several reasons have been cited as the main causes of negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice including foreign mission of duties, early discharge, shortage of nurses, hospital downsizing, numerous and advances in technology, better-informed patients, and expanded legal liability targeting medical professionals. With regards to task delegation, many hospitals have certain cost-cutting and cost-containment strategies, which propel them to arrogate nursing duties to unlicensed a ssistants (Phillips et al., 2004). These assistants may not be aware of a facilitys or a regulators standards of care or nursing practice act. Second, many facilities discharge patients quite early, prior to full recovery while they still need acute and intensive nursing care. Other cost-containment strategies used in facilities are reduction in the number of nurses, which increases workloads for nurses, thus the likelihood for errors to occur. The many technological

A Rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily EssayBeyond these two similarities the stories differ greatly. One of the most notable differences between the two stories is the tense with which they are written. Poe takes us into the mind of the main character using the first person. In this way we learn about the insults perpetrated against the main character along with the insinuate reasoning he uses to justify his act of murder. On the contrary, Faulkner writes his figment in the third-person omniscient voice and defines the main character through a myriad of financial backing characters and dynamic imagery. This use of tense functions well and reinforces the writers plot design. The two writers create genuinely different environments in which the action takes place. Faulkner opens his short story setting up a gloomy, dark stage by describing a derelict Victorian home in a denigrated neighborhood. In the case of Poes short story the first clear description of the environment comes later in the story a nd describes the tunnels leading to the cask of Amontillado. This cramped setting appears to reinforce the cramped space in which Fortunato is ultimately entombed.These settings work well to create a mysterious and tense plot. Faulkner uses many characters in his story where Poe restricts himself to just two. In Faulkners story the wizard is defined through the eyes of many characters thus creating an air of mystery that surrounds the main character, Miss Emily. Miss Emily is known only through the minds others. Conversely, Poe restricts his story to allow only the aggressor and victim. This minimal cast, combined with the first person tense, keeps the reader focused exactly where Poe intended.This diverse use of characters adds greatly to the tension prevalent in these two dynamic stories. The creative use of tense, environment and characters make these two stories stand out. The first person tense takes you deep into the mind of a sea wolf in one story and 2 in the other a port rait is painted by a diverse group of characters. Two very different settings reinforce an air of mystery. The dynamic use of these techniques makes these two short stories stand out as industry standards. 3

Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay Example for Free

rent Wall road Movement EssayThe Occupy Wall Street operation started from young protestors growing tired of high student loans and low grossing wages. The movement had moral and economic implications. These implications could be comp bed to utilitarian, Kantian, and virtuousness ethics, with one that best applies to the movement. in that respect are several masses and organizations that faecal matter be held responsible for the inequality and wealthiness distribution in the U.S. There is an equitable outcome that would be suppress for our laissez-faire(prenominal) society from this movement. The movement will fade a counseling with time with plausibly outcomes to come from the protests. Discuss the moral and economic implications mired in the movement. one and only(a) of the main concerns of the Occupy Wall Street movement is the rising cost of college and student loans. If student loans were forgiven, however, it wouldnt solve the fundamental problem of costly edu cation. A presidential term program that forgave student loans would improve the pays of people holding student loans, but it would do so at the expense of taxpayers in America. Many of these taxpayers would glide by within the 99%. Further more(prenominal), by seeking bailouts for student loans, the Occupy Wall Street movement is fundamentally no different than the banks and corporations that theyre criticizing. For the most part, media coverage of the Occupy Wall Street protest has been predictable.Stories are narrated according to the pro/con structure typical of balanced reporting or sensationalism. On the one hand, arrogant focus sympathetically explains why protesters suffer been demonstrating en masse since Sept. 17. These accounts place the activist mantra of We are the 99% in a historical and economic scope that connects significant inequalities in wealth to violations of justice that should prompt people of conscience to demand rectification. On the other hand, negat ive reports argue against interpreting the protest as legitimate civil disobedience. Occupy Wall Street is an especially interesting collective action movement because it embodies a distinctive and pervasive shift in ethical orientation. The long-simmering forces that gave rise to the protests also have profoundly altered how students today view their place in society.Analyze each of the implications identified above against the utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics to determine which theory best applies to the movement. Support your position with examples and evidence. We are dungeon in historic times. Capitalism will non be brought drop in this through this movement. This is as a result of weaknesses of linkages between working class revolutionary theory and practice as represented by the aid and broader social manifestation of this most decisive force of bringing to birth a new world on the ashes of that morass which we now live in. simply it is an hour in which great leap s forward can be made and are being made.Such hours come with lessons that would be invaluable for us living today and for generations coming after us that would eventually cleanse the action of human gracious of the ugliness and pains that capitalism stamps on its beauty and fullness. Utilitarian ethics on its own part conflates the expansion of wealth in society as a whole with greater happiness for the greater number of souls in society, thus losing sight of the proportional increase in unhappiness for most members of society that create the wealth, with the expansion of such wealth, which a few appropriate (Ferguson 2008). This is of bad-tempered importance for industrial relations, which addresses the site of relations in the cover of production.Determine who is responsible for income inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. In your analysis, make authoritative to include if this is something that happened suddenly or if it built up over time. Explain your rationale. Wealth accumulates over time. The highest earners are able to save a great deal of their incomes, whereas lower earners cant. That means high earners can accumulate more and more wealth as time goes on (assuming they dont blow it all, of course). Higher-earning Americans also have the resources to pay for founder tax preparation, which helps them reduce their taxes and save even more coin. On the tax front, note also that people who have already hoard wealth stand to earn a lot in capital gains, which are also taxed at a lower rate. Most of the attention nonrecreational to economic inequality pertains to what people are making each hour or each year, not what they already have stored up or what kind of cushion they have to fall back on. Perhaps thats because most people do not have a firm grasp of how much theyre worth, but they can always look to their paychecks to see how much they have coming in, and can make easier comparisons to their neighbors.Proposals for a wealth tax rise up periodically. The idea is always contentious since it basically requires double-taxation of earnings. There are lots of existing examples of double-taxation on the books, though. Few measures would help the long-term health of the economy more than reducing the economic and political clout of Wall Street. The financial sector exists to connect savers with investors and to do so at the lowest feasible cost and risk. In a sensible world, we would view the financial sector as nothing more than a transactions cost to be minimized along the way to producing the goods and services that the economy is really about. No society has come close to making wealth distribution equal. The great egalitarian experiments of the 20th century be this, as attentive readers have known since the 1957 unexclusiveation of Yugoslav dissident Milovan ilas The New Class An Analysis of the Communist System, which revealed shocking disparities in quality of life in the workers paradises of Eastern Eur ope.China gave the world a horrific double-shot of rural poverty and relative urban wealth it is only since the country joined world(a) trading markets that it has seen provincial poverty decline. At the same time, income inequality in China has grown, as it does in every rising economy. Growing wealth disparities are in fact a sign that overall prosperity is increase in a competitive marketplace. The economist Gary Becker recently described how this works It would be hard to motivate the vast majority of individuals to exert much effort, including creative effort, if everyone had the same earnings, status, prestige, and other types of rewards. Fewer individuals would engage in the hard work involved in finishing high school and going on to college if they did not expect their additional education to bring higher incomes, better health, more prestige, and better opportunities to marry. Creating general equality of opportunity is among the greatest U.S. achievements. only if creating equality of outcomes has caused misery everywhere it has been tried. Suggest an equitable outcome from the movement that would be appropriate for our capitalistic society. This protesting will end up in getting at least one of the following token changes enacted Eliminating the electoral college but leaving campaign finance untouched Outlaw lobbying and then creating a new official department with a new name that companies use to lobby through Legalize human being marriage Raise the tax on the rich a small amount for a few years. After winning this token victory the people will go back home to their normal lives and get stuck in the rat race again. Its true that loan forgiveness will not solve the fundamental problem with education costs, because the real problem is that corporations just arent interested in paying for it, theyd rather make money off it, which is precisely what theyre doing. But this does not mean that the costs have to be shifted to the taxpayer.The private insti tutions that created the debt in the first place ought to bear the burden. But there is a way that education costs can be drastically reduced without raising taxes a dime on anyone, even corporations by slashing the defense budget. There are high-quality universities in third world countries that have negligible education costs, simply because they are funded directly by the public sector. Why the richest country on the planet cant have inexpensive education as well is anathema.Cutting the defense budget increasing education spending are some of the main goals of the Occupy movement, which are also shared by the vast majority of the population, but unfortunately not by our politicians. Michael OHanlon examines proposed budget cuts for the Department of Defense, noting that U.S. military will have to eliminate programs and forces just to accomplish the savings goals now on the books, and outlining possible ideas for cutting spending without harming national security. Predict whethe r the movement will continue, fad away, or turn into something else. Provide a rationale with your response.Occupy Wall Street was at the aggrandisement of its power in October 2011, when thousands of people converged at Zuccotti Park and successfully foiled the plans of billionaire Mayor Michael Bloomberg to sweep away the occupation on grounds of public health. From that reward point, the Occupy movement appears to have tumbled off a cliff, having failed to organize anything like a general strike on May Day, despite months of rumblings of mass walkouts, blockades and shutdowns. If story repeats itself then the police will continually harass the protesters and make their lives miserable using nonphysical methods. It will not come to Americans getting shot by law enforcement officials. Technology and a more connected culture has changed the political landscape so that less outrages more people.And the Internet has given every person in the world a megaphone that can be heard arou nd the world. It doesnt take too many people with megaphones to rally the world. Americans will rear their collective foot down after a few more beatings well before it comes to shooting. Plus, a lot of law enforcement personnel are reasonably fed up with the system themselves. If the protesters made a more concentrated effort to win the hearts and minds of the police and the military they could speed up the process of forcing the government to throw them their victory sooner than later.The Occupy Wall Street movement started from young protestors growing tired of high student loans and low grossing wages. The movement had moral and economic implications. These implications could be compared to utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics, with one that best applies to the movement. There are several people and organizations that can be held responsible for the inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. There is an equitable outcome that would be appropriate for our capitalistic so ciety from this movement. The movement will fade away with time with likely outcomes to come from the protests.ReferenceBusiness Ethics 2010Money.msn.comHuffingtonpost.comCleanbreak.com/ocuupywallstreet

Sudan Education Essay Example for Free

Sudan raising EssayAcknowledgments This report was written with Kevin Watkins of the Centre for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution. Our research was greatly assisted by some(prenominal) a(prenominal) individuals and organisations. Several ministers from the Government of the Re globe of due south Sudan were extremely generous with their time, providing advice and comments on early(a) conscription copys. Special convey ar due to Joseph Ukel Abongo (Minister for General Education and Instruction), Peter Adwok Nywabi (Minister for Higher Education) and Kosti Manibe Ngai (Minister for Finance and Economic Planning). Senior officials and consultants from a number of ministries provided comments and insights including Esther Akumu (Director for Development Partner Coordination, Ministry of General Education and Instruction), Stephanie Allan (Donor Coordinator, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning), Deng Deng Yai (Undersecretary for General Education and Ins truction), Catherine Dom (Technical Adviser, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning), and Moses Mabior, (Director for Aid Coordination, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning).Education in southeastern Sudan investing in a conk out risingDavid Masua (Education Programme Manager, Windle Trust), Sue Nicholson (Education Technical Adviser, Save the Children in southwestward Sudan), and Habibur Rahman (Education Programme Manager, BRAC southern Sudan). We as well as benefited from discussions with Jubabased staff from a number of donor agencies, including Hilde Johnson (Special Representative to the Secretary General on southwest Sudan), Yasmin Haque ( atomic number 16 Sudan Country Representative, UNICEF), William Osafo (Education Team Leader, USAID southern Sudan Mission), and Fazle Rabbani (Education Adviser), DFID.Initial findings from the report were presented to a group of non-governmental organisations at a contact held in London, on 20 March 2012. The subsequent discussions and comments informed the redrafting process. We wish to thank the following organisations for their donationicipation Action Aid, the Angli base Church, BRAC, the British Council, Camfed, C atomic number 18 International, The Childrens Investment caudex Foundation, Christian Aid, Comic Relief, the Global Campaign for Education, the Open University, Oxfam, Save the Children and VSO.Michael Holman, author and former Africa Editor of the Financial Times, kindly commented on an early draft. While each of the individuals and organisations menti wizardd above suck in informed this report, the views expressed argon those of the authors alone. Staff working with non-governmental organisations in southeast Sudan provided invaluable advice based on their computer program experience. We are indebted to Caroline De Anna (Education Programme Coordinator, Episcopal Church of Sudan), Reverend Emmanuel (Education Manager, Episcopal Church of Sudan), Emily Lugano (Education Advise r, Save the Children in South Sudan),6 ForewordSouth Sudan time to act raises everywhere around the world, I know that it is done discipline that children broaden their horizons and develop the skills they need to realise their potential. Education and learning are the real foundations for opportunity. Today, millions of children around the world are denied a chance to put those foundations in place. Progress towards the 2015 goal of universal primary fosterage is slowing, leaving 67 million primary give instruction age children locked out of classrooms and m whatsoever an(prenominal) more receiving a sub-standard statement.Poverty, child labour, early marriage, and armed conflict are among the scourges holding subscribe progress in cultivation, along with failures of governmental leadership. The High Level Panel on planetary education was created to address what I see as a global crisis in education. As co-chair, along with Graca Machel Madibas wife I bring in spent time researching that crisis. I have spoken to political leaders, the heads of multinational agencies, and non-governmental organisations. And I have spent time talking to people at the sharp end of the crisis in education.I have heard agonised stories from parents who regard their children to be able to live the life they are capable of living, but are forced by circumstances to settle for something less(prenominal) and I have spoken to children who are desperate for the education that they know could transform their lives. Africas refreshfulest nation My work as Co-Chair of the High Level Panel on global education has involved visits to many countries. But thither is one country that illustrates more than any opposite what is non working in the current supranational fear 7.The Right Honourable Gordon Brown MP, former ancient Minister of the unite Kingdom, Co-Chair of the High Level Panel on global education unrivalled of the great privileges that I have enjoyed in my po litical life is the opportunity to meet Nelson Mandela. Like many people around the world, I have been inspire by his life, his courage, and his wisdom. Through his personal example, he has exhibitd that iron resolve backed by practical endeavour and clear strategies can move mountains. Of the many words that I have read by Madiba, there is one sentence that I am always drawn to.It is this There is no warmheartedness to be found playing small in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living. Since becoming a parent I have often thought about these words. Like parents everywhere across the world, I trust my children to have the lives they are capable of living. And like architecture on education. That country is South Sudan, Africas newest nation. Much has been achieved over the six grades that have passed since South Sudan emerged from a brutal and protracted conflict.Yet parents and children are still waiting for an education stillness premium and South Sudan is embarking on independence anchored to the bottom of the world league table on education. Over one million children of primary shallow age are out of develop. Enrolment rates in secondary education are below 10 per cent. In what is a desperate situation for all children, South Sudans girls face additional disadvantages. Just 6 per cent of 13 year old girls have completed primary school.So extreme are the gender inequalities that materialization girls in South Sudan are more than twice as likely to fret in pregnancy or childbirth as they are to make it through primary school and into secondary education. Behind these numbers is a enormous waste of potential. Getting children into school and providing them with decent quality opportunities for education would help them to build a better future, for themselves and their country. In an increasingly knowledgebased and interconnected world, sustained and divided up prosperity depends not on what countries have in t erms of natural resources, but on what their citizens are able to learn.For South Sudans young people, education is a passport to employment. Education also has a colossalr role to play. Armed conflict and the threat of violence remains a source of insecurity for many of South Sudans people. Many factors are involved, including prejudice, long-standing hostilities, and attitudes that see re agate line to violence as legitimate. With the right curriculum in place, the education system could act as a powerful force for peace8 building, the development of shared identity, and the creation of a society that is more resilient and less vulnerable to violence.To its credit, the Government of the res publica of South Sudan (GRSS) is putting in place an education strategy that holds out the promise of a better future. However, it lacks the fiscal resources, technical capacity and institutional systems to overcome the ample backlog in education provision. That is why the international ass ociation has such an important role to play. Several donors, UN agencies and non-governmental organisations have put in place education create mentallys that are making a difference but not on the directd scale.This paper sets out an agenda for change. It identifies a framework for policies that would Bring opportunities for alter education to 2. 5 million children, half of them currently out of school Provide financial support for the education of half-a-million girls Make provision for the education of 300,000 children displaced as a result of armed violence, or living in conflict zones Train 30,000 teachers and build 3,000 schools Education in South Sudan investing in a better future.Achieving these goals leave behind require additional resources. We set out a financial support strategy that includes an sum upd resource mobilisation social movement on the part of the GRSS. Development assistance will have to cover a financing opening move of US$1. 6bn over the next quartettesome years, or US$ cdm annually. Our proposals include recommendations for individual donors. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE), the major multilateral mechanism charged with financing efforts to achieve the international development goals, has yet to establish a programme in South Sudan.This is a wasted opportunity and not just for South Sudan. The GPE needs to establish its credentials as an innovative and can-do force for change in countries affected by conflict. The World Banks International Development Association (IDA) could also play a racy role. We propose a GPE-IDA cofinancing ar swearment to mobilise US$180m annually. Other actors also have to step up to the plate. Bilateral donors and the European Commission could mobilise an additional US$100m annually.Non-traditional donors including China could be approached. And the Africa Development Bank/Africa Development ancestry has developed co-financing mechanisms that are well suited to support the dev elopment of education infrastructure. I am, of course, aware that some people will argue that the goals that have been set are too ambitious, that the costs are not affordable, and that South Sudan should concentrate on taking small steps in the right direction, rather than attempting a great leap forward. I do not accept these arguments.In the course of research for this paper I have looked at the programmes of several nongovernmental organisations doing extraordinary work in education. The Ecumenical Church of South Sudan runs the largest teacher- instruction programme in the country, whilst the Bangladesh hobnailed Advancement Committee (BRAC) operates over 500 schools in some of the most difficult parts of the country, providing thousands of children with the hope of a better future. And Save the Children is bringing health and education support to many communities.These and other non-governmental organisations have found ways of passing results, working with and through gove rnment. They are clear that, with additional support, they could scale-up their programmes. The same is true of UN agencies and many bilateral donors. Expanded pull throughy is held back not by a lack of capacity, but by a lack of predictable finance on a scale commensurate with the problem. Having reviewed the situation in South Sudan I am struck by similarities with other conflictaffected countries. Children in these countries should have first echo on international support.Instead, they are pushed to the back of the queue for development assistance. Education is not a priority in the humanitarian aid system in fact, it accounts for less than 2 per cent of emergency aid. And because the governments of conflict-affected states are often unable or unwilling either to deliver services or to meet the describe standards required by major donors, children and parents are left to fend for themselves. From Somalia and the refugee camps of northern Kenya, to the war zones of north-e astern.Democratic Republic of Congo, conflict is destroying opportunities for education on an epic scale, and the aid system is providing limited protection. As an international community motivated by shared values and a common commitment to education, we must acknowledge this gap in the aid architecture and then we must fill it. That is why I believe we need a new type of organisation to deliver not just money, but also teachers, books, temporary classrooms, and counsellors trained in trauma management to conflict areas.It is against this background that we are planning to form a new type of organisation called Education without Borders. The aim to provide a mechanism that galvanises support, coordinates action, and delivers aid and education services to those most in need. This is not an drill in creating parallel structures. It is an attempt to create a mechanism through which a wide range of actors the public, teachers and other education professionals, the business 9 communi ty and others can join a shared effort to keep the flame of education alive for children trapped in conflict.It can achieve for education in broken down areas a little of what Medecins Sans Frontieres and the Red Cross achieve for health. Let me conclude by returning to the country that is the focus for this report. When I study of South Sudan, I think of a people who have shown extraordinary courage in the face of unimaginable adversity. I think of parents who, like you and me, want the outperform for their children. And I think of children who are filled with talent, potential and hope. It is to the children of South Sudan that I dedicate this report.And it is on their behalf that I ask your support for the proposals it sets out. South Sudans children have waited long enough for the education peace premium. And they have a right to expect bold action and our best effort not half-measures, faltering and indifference. To paraphrase Madiba we are playing small with education in South Sudan. And by playing small we are consigning a generation of children to lives that are endlessly less than the lives they are capable of living. The children of South Sudan deserve better and we must do better by them.The Right Honourable Gordon Brown MP, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Co-Chair of the High Level Panel on global education Education in South Sudan investing in a better future Children at the BRAC supported Hai Kugi work on the outskirts of Juba in South Sudan. UNESCO /M. Hofer (2011) 10 Executive Summary I never had the chance to finish school but all my children must have an education. Then they can have the chance of a better life. No one will get anyplace in this country without an education. Beida Ropani, aged 28, farmer, Lora village, Central Equatoria, South Sudan. Education in South Sudan investing in a better future The newly-independent country of South Sudan is anchored to the bottom of the world league table for education. More t han half of its primary school age children over 1 million in total are out of school. Young girls are more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than to graduate from primary school. South Sudans young people face restricted opportunities for the education they need to build a better future for themselves and their country.It is time for the world to come together and change this picture. The children of South Sudan have suffered enough. It is time to deliver the education peace premium that their parents hoped for and that they deserve. The Government of the Republic of South Sudan (GRSS) has set ambitious goals in education but there are daunting obstacles to be overcome. The recent disruption of revenue from vegetable oil exports threatens to starve grassroots service budgets of the financing needed to build schools, health clinics, and resilient social and economic infrastructure.Ongoing violence in parts of the country is causing large-scale displacement and dislocati on of services. There are problems in politics and in government capacity. The education system is under-financed. Most of the countrys teachers are untrained. There are chronic shortages of classrooms and textbooks. Learning outcomes are abysmal. Set against these challenges there is a vast untapped potential for change. At the heart of that potential are the people of South Sudan. They have shown extraordinary courage, resilience and commitment to education.In the face of overwhelming odds, they have been trying to get their children the schooling they deserve. Enrolment numbers have more than doubled in the five years since the peace agreement. The GRSS has pledged to make education a priority and that pledge is backed by a strategic plan for the construction of an education system. Donors have a more mixed repose. Development assistance for education falls far below the level required to support a breakthrough. The education sector receives a low-level of support and aid effi ciency has been hampered by weak coordination.Most bilateral donors are operating programmes on a modest scale. While UNICEF has compete an important role in coordination and reconstruction for education, the wider multilateral aid effort has been limited. Other actors are conspicuous by their absence. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE), a multilateral partnership that operates under the financial auspices of the World Bank, rightly describes itself as the only multilateral partnership devoted to getting all out-of-school children into school for a quality education. i Promoting gender 11 equity is one of the GPEs priorities.South Sudan has a larger proportion of its children out of school than almost any other country in the world, along with the deepest gender inequalities. Yet six years after the peace agreement, the GPE has not yet delivered a programme in South Sudan. Hopes that this would change in early 2012 have not yet been realised. Following a review of the Gover nment of South Sudan draft education strategy, the GPE secretariat determined that full endorsement of the plan would require its further development over several years and recommended that the government re-submit a less ambitious transitional plan.An indicative allocation of just US$38 million over four years has been set aside an sum up that falls far short of what is needed. What should have been a test exemplar for the GPEs effectiveness has become a showcase for what is going wrong in an aid system that is too inflexible, slow-moving and unresponsive to the needs of conflict-affected countries. There is still time to change this picture. The Board of the GPE could demand an urgent review of the reaction to South Sudans education strategy.It is also important that the World Bank steps up to the plate by putting into place a financing programme to support early delivery of results and longterm capacity building. What is clear is that the children of South Sudan have a right t o expect something more. In the absence of a built aid effort, South Sudan will fail to achieve the ambitious goals set by its government and demanded by its people. This paper sets out the case for a South Sudan Education Peace Premium (EPP) backed by a US$1. 6 billion aid investment over the period 2012-2016 US$400 annually.The GRSS would need to supplement this aid effort by 12 mobilizing an additional US$100m annually for education spending. Supplemented by an increased resource mobilisation effort on the part of the GRSS, the education peace premium would extend opportunities for some 2. 5 million children and adolescents. Beyond the wider benefits for poverty reduction, peace-building and state-building, returns from the peace premium would include other 1 million primary school age children in school wider benefits for an additional 1.5 million learners by improving the quality of education emergency provision for 300,000 children displaced by on-going conflicts early ch ildhood provision for 300,000 children under the age of 5 support for half-a-million girls extended opportunities for adolescents and young adults who missed out on opportunities for basic education training for 30,000 teachers another 3000 schools for current and future generations of learners Education in South Sudan investing in a better future Financing for the proposed EPP would be drawn from a range of sources.Success will hinge on a compact between the GRSS and the international community, represented by a range of donors. Our proposal envisages a broader and deeper donor support base for education. We suggest that the GPE provide annual financing of US$90m, with the World Bank co-financing an equivalent amount through the International Development Association (IDA). Drawing on its extensive experience and project portfolio in post-conflict states, the African Development Bank/African Development Fund is well placed to support the development of school infrastructure an d support.We propose a financing contribution of around US$40m annually. Less concessional elements in the financing could be secured against future oil revenues. Bilateral donors and the European Union would have to mobilise another US$100 million annually, with non-traditional donors including China providing US$30m annually. We also argue that private foundations and charities should play a greater role in supporting education in South Sudan. Delivering an early and substantial education peace premium in South Sudan will be difficult but the degree of difficulty should not be exaggerated.Sustained progress will require the development of technical and administrative capacity, along with the development of more robust systems for transparency and accountability in public finance. Increased and more equitable public spending is critical. But governance constraints can be overcome by drawing on arrangements that have emerged since the comprehensive peace agreement, as well as the experiences of other countries. To that end, we propose the creation of a pooled fund for education. Jointly managed by donors and the GRSS, this would build on the practices established under the Basic Service Fund (BSF).This has been the most successful of the pooled funding mechanisms in South Sudan, with spending of US$65m to date on primary education, health, water and sanitation. The BSF has been a major source of financing for school construction and teacher training. The great advantage of the facility is that it enables donors to pool risk and resources behind the governments strategy, working through non-government organisations with a proven race record on delivery. With current pooled funding arrangements in South Sudan about to expire, there is an opportunity to put in place a flexible new structure for education.Over time, the pooled funding mechanism could evolve into a sector-wide support programme. More immediately, it could mobilise support for non-governmental o rganisations working with government to build capacity and deliver results on the ground. The doings of non-governmental organisations refute the claim that South Sudan lacks the conditions for an education take-off. Working with a broader alliance of churches, the Episcopal Church of South Sudan has developed the largest teacher inservice training programme in the country, meeting high standards of performance.One of the largest non-governmental organisations providing education is the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee in Education (BRAC) an agency with a proven track record in reaching highly marginalised communities and training female teachers. Save the Children is leading the implementation of a major alternative education programme financed by the United Kingdoms Department for International Development (DfID) and originaling innovative early childhood interventions.We have based our cost-estimates for the education peace premium on the programmes of these and other NG Os with a proven capacity for scaling-up, as well as UN agencies and bilateral donors. In drawing up the proposed plan of action we do not discount the very real difficulties that will have to be addressed. Outcomes will depend on the development of a partnership between the GRSS, donors and nongovernmental organisations, and on political leadership on all sides.Listing problems and enumerating the many technical reasons that can be found either for delaying action, or for testing the water with small-scale pilot programmes, is easy. But South Sudans children cannot afford delay and prevarication 13 and the country cannot afford to waste the potential of a generation of youth. Our proposal combines the four critical requirements for delivering results achievable targets, an efficient delivery mechanism, predictable aid, and a compact between the GRSS, donors and non-governmental organisations.Headline figures for the cost of the proposed programme have to be considered against the potential merge of benefits, as measured by the number of children in school, the expanded opportunities for learning, and the renewed hope that will come with progress in education. The US$400m a year for four years that is required may seem unaffordable. The question that has to be asked is whether the world is willing to stand-by while 2. 5 million children lose their chance for an education that could lift them out of poverty, create jobs, build a more peaceful and resilient society, and support economic growth.Failure to expand opportunities for education will increase the risk of more conflict, which will in turn leave donors facing the prospect of increased humanitarian aid costs. Viewed against this alternative, the cost of implementing the actions proposed in this report is a small price to pay for a very high return. ii Education in South Sudan investing in a better future An agenda for action This report sets out an agenda for achieving an educational breakthrough in Sou th Sudan. Proposals include Additional aid of US$400m annually for four years, with domestic budget resources increased by US$100m annually.The GPE and IDA to mobilise US$180m through a co-financing arrangement. An independent assessment of the GPEs review of the South Sudan draft education strategy. The creation of a pooled fund for education in South Sudan to provide a focal predict for government support. Measures to support disadvantaged children, including financial incentives for parents to keep children in school, especially young girls expanded education provision in conflict-affected areas and programmes for adolescents. Expanded programmes for training teachers and recruitment of female teachers. 14 Introduction The Republic of South Sudan is sub-Saharan Africas newest nation. Established in July 2011, the country achieved statehood facing enormous challenges. The Government of South Sudan (GRSS), created with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005, inherited none of the institutions associated with an independent state. South Sudans human development indicators are among the worst in the world. The human capital and physical infrastructure are limited. Insecurity remains a major concern across many parts of the country.Yet independence has unleashed a wave of hope, optimism and expectation. Having endured a brutal and long-running urbane war that claimed over 2 million lives, South Sudans people have a right to expect a peace dividend, including improved approach to basic services, more secure livelihoods, and greater safety. Failure to deliver in these areas would be a lost opportunity with tragic human consequences for the people of South Sudan, and with damaging implication for peace and security not just across the new nation, but across the region.Delivering the education peace dividend Perhaps more than any other sector, education has the potential to deliver an early, large and highly visible peace dividend. The educ ation system in any country is a point of contact between governments and their citizens. And in a country like South Sudan, where the civil war destroyed educational opportunities for generations, the presence of functioning schools, teachers and books has the potential to demonstrate that the peace is delivering.Moreover, South Sudans people attach a very high value to education, with survey evidence showing that parents identify schooling aboard food and water as being a major priority. Across South Sudan, parents and young people are striving to overturn a bequest of illiteracy, restricted opportunity, and poor quality schooling. In towns and villages across the country, desperately poor people are working to get their children into an embryonic and over-stretched education system. The GRSS is working with partners to fix that system and build capacity.While the term post-conflict reconstruction is widely used to describe the process now underway in South Sudan, in the case of education and other basic services it is misleading. Six years ago this was a country without an education system. Even today, only the initial foundations are in place. So this is a case of post-conflict construction in a country that inherited no infrastructure and has very limited human resources. Against this backdrop, the achievements registered in education since the 2005 peace accords have been extraordinary.The number of children in primary school has doubled in five years. Over 500 classrooms have been constructed. Led by a clear statement of intent on the part of President Salva Kiir, the GRSS has put in place ambitious plans to accelerate progress towards the 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). South Sudans constitution includes a provision establishing the entitlement to free and compulsory education at the primary level. The South Sudan Development Plan includes a wide range of 2015/16 targets for education aimed at putting the country on track for the MDGs.i ii The Ministry of General Education and Instruction (MoGEI) is finalising a strategy 15 aimed at translating these targets and highlevel political commitments into policies and spending commitments aimed at achieving the MDGs and wider Education for All goals by 2022. iv Currently available in draft form, that strategy Promoting learning for all aims to get the country on course for universal primary education by 2016, with expanded provision of second chance education, measures to improve learning achievement levels and a range of strategies aimed at closing the gender gap.The document, which has been drawn up in close consultation with the Local Donor Group, bears testimony to the professionalism of staff in the Ministry of General Education and Instruction (MoGEI). Several bilateral donors, UN agencies and non-governmental organisations are supporting the reconstruction effort, often working under difficult conditions. UNICEFs Go to School Programme helped to double school enr olment in three years.Both the government and its partners have demonstrated a capacity for flexibility and innovation, building classrooms, delivering textbooks and training teachers. v Nongovernmental organisations are active across the country, often operating in areas affected by conflict. While experience under the World Bank-managed Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) was disappointing, another pooled funding arrangement the Basic Services Fund (BSF) delivered cost-effective results, notably in school construction and teacher training.One of the strengths of the BSF has been its ability to set down transaction costs and achieve economies of scale in delivery. For those who question the capacity of international aid and partnerships in education to deliver results on the ground, the evidence from South Sudan tells a different story. Donors and non-governmental organisations have found ways of delivering results, working in the process to build government capacity. 16.The challenge now is to build on best practice and scale-up the level of ambition in an environment that may deteriorate as a result of budget austerity. The oil crisis Like all other sectors, education stands to be severely affected by the ongoing crisis over oil exports. Failure to resolve that crisis will have grave consequences for South Sudan (as it will for Khartoum), raising the spectre of a reversal of the fragile gains in education, health, water and other areas that have been achieved over the six years since the comprehensive peace agreement.With oil accounting for 98 per cent of government revenues, even a modest loss of export earnings would lead to significant cuts in expenditure. The background to the crisis can be briefly summarised. Since the comprehensive peace agreement, oil from South Sudan has been exported through pipelines from Sudan. As of March 2012, pipelines from two of the three oilfields were close to shut-down. The GRSS decision was prompted by a heavy transit tax l evied by the Government of Sudan and a subsequent seizure of oil shipments by the government in Khartou.