Social Science in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Science in Australia - Essay Example Sexuality has had diverse perceptions over decades. These include people, who are distinctively either male or female, and the heterosexuals- men and women in possession of both the male and the female sex-organs. In efforts to exploit sexual desires, divisions such as the homosexuals come up, composed of two different groups, the lesbians- women practicing sexual acts with fellow women and the gay-basically men who find sexual acts with their counterpart males compatible; and yet others practicing masturbation which is seeking to fulfill ones own sexual desire or pleasure. People have different understanding and beliefs in regard to sexuality and what is best for them sexually. Lesbians view the pleasure from fellow women as most fulfilling and the gay see it vice versa. A majority though think that its all abnormal saying that woman was made for man and likewise. In fact it has been approved with time after thorough investigations and research on homosexuals that is lesbians and ga ys. The debate over homosexual "marriage" for instance, often becomes focused on whether homosexuality is a learned behavior or a genetic trait. Many homosexual activists insist that "science" has shown that homosexuality is inborn, cannot be changed, and that therefore they should have the right to marry each other. (CWA, 2008).Because no single study can be regarded as definitive; more research on people who have overcome homosexuality needs to be done. But a considerable body of certain literature about change from homosexuality to heterosexuality has been compiled, and the sheer number of exceptions to the "born gay" theory should be a warning to researchers and media to proceed with caution before declaring that science has proved that homosexuality is genetic. Other recent developments suggest that homosexuality is not genetically determined but made. Another instance is given by Simone de Beauvoir who says "One is not born, but becomes a woman. No biological, psychological, or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society: it is civilization as a whole that produces this creature, intermediate between, male and eunuch, which is described as feminine". This belief also applies to the case of men (WCA, 1981). To support the above motion, there are a number of factors to look into which include: political, socialization, work/family (gender equality), early environment, cultural background, economical, and religion. Other factors contributing to this are attitudes, discipline, effort and style. Firstly, talking about politics which has imposed oppression on especially women, a lesbian society pragmatically reveals that the division from men of which women has been the object is a political one and shows that women have been ideologically rebuilt into a "natural group." In the case of women, ideology goes far since their bodies as well as their minds are the product of this manipulation. They have been compelled in their bodies and in their minds to correspond, feature by feature, with the idea of nature that has been established for them. Distorted to such an extent that their deformed body is what they call "natural," what is supposed to exist as such before oppression Distorted to such an extent in the end, oppression seems to be a consequence of this, "nature" within them. Experience by both men and a woman in such a field finally

Military lessons learned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Military lessons learned - Essay Example They focus on operating plans and details to go one step further at a time (Harris and White, 1987, p. 110). They are also more focused on little things than the generalized point-of-view. Logisticians are different from tactical planners since they are the ones responsible for inventories and knowing the use of resources and their whereabouts. They do that to achieve the objectives. Their works include combining and application of information, material transfer, storage and protection. They may use equipment or computers to easily store and retrieve the data regarding the analysis and predictions on resource use (Kane, 2001). Strategic thinkers are the ones responsible for the general direction of the organization like armed forces. They try to answer the questions why and how instead of what. They are concerned with wider arrays of methods to reach the desired future. Their works are then supported by both the logisticians and tactical planners. Strategic thinkers are not conventio nal type of people as they make use of odd and different ways to create opportunities that sometimes can be provocative regarding the direction of a group. They perform the operation called strategic thinking wherein it serves as the precursor of strategic planning (Heuser, 2010, p. 456). Since the armed forces always engage in defense and sometimes go to war, they really needed the thinkers and planners on how to use their armed members to the fullest to achieve the objective. Leadership may be proven to be handy in the case of armed forces since planning is part of the function of leaders. They should be able to delegate the works toward the achievement of their goals. In addition, leadership skills serve as the binding agent of an organization and traverse the same direction toward growth. In the process, big and small plans are needed and can be categorized as short-term and long-term plans. They contain deadlines, procedures and delegated

The Concept Of Rural Marketing In India Economics Essay

The Concept Of Rural Marketing In India Economics Essay The concept of Rural Marketing in Indian economy has always played an influential role in the lives of rural population of India. In India, except few metropolitan cities, almost all the districts and industrial townships are well connected with rural markets. Though rural marketing is a new concept and ideology in the arena of marketing, it has left a strong feeling among the people that without giving appropriate weight to rural areas and its development, it could never be possible to ensure the overall growth and well being of the country. Since past few years considerable developments are taking place to reconstruct the rural part of India. Many corporate houses have entered into the field of rural marketing to contribute in rural development of the country. Godrej, Birla, ITC, Reliance and many others has established rural retail hubs as a result of that economic status has been significantly improved. Farmers are getting access to market to sell their product as well as keeping themselves updated and informed regarding the going on trends of market. * Assist. Professor, Rajarshi School of Management Technology, U.P. College, Varanasi The rural market in India is not a separate entity in itself and it is highly influenced by the sociological and behavioral factors operating in the country. The rural population in India accounts for around 627 million, which is exactly 74.3 percent of the total population. The concept of rural marketing in India is often been found to form ambiguity in the minds of people who think rural marketing is all about agricultural marketing. However, rural marketing determines the carrying out of business activities bringing in the flow of goods from urban sectors to the rural regions of the country as well as the marketing of various products manufactured by the non-agricultural workers from rural to urban areas. To be precise, Rural Marketing in India Economy covers two broad sections, namely: Selling of agricultural items in the urban areas Selling of manufactured products in the rural regions Some of the important features or characteristics of Rural Marketing in India Economy are being listed below: With the initiation of various rural development programmes there have been an upsurge of employment opportunities for the rural poor. One of the biggest cause behind the steady growth of rural market is that it is not exploited and also yet to be explored. The rural market in India is vast and scattered and offers a plethora of opportunities in comparison to the urban sector. It covers the maximum population and regions and thereby, the maximum number of consumers. The social status of the rural regions is precarious as the income level and literacy is extremely low along with the range of traditional values and superstitious beliefs that have always been a major impediment in the progression of this sector. The steps taken by the Government of India to initiate proper irrigation, infrastructural developments, prevention of flood, grants for fertilizers, and various schemes to cut down the poverty line have improved the condition of the rural masses. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently talked about his vision for rural India: My vision of rural India is of a modern agrarian, industrial and services economy co-existing side by side, where people can live in well-equipped villages and commute easily to work, be it on the farm or in the non-farm economy. There is much that modern science and technology can do to realise this vision. Rural incomes have to be increased. Rural infrastructure has to be improved. Rural health and education needs have to be met. Employment opportunities have to be created in rural areas. Go rural is the slogan of marketing gurus after analyzing the socio-economic changes in villages. The Rural population is nearly three times the urban, so that Rural consumers have become the prime target market for consumer durable and non-durable products, food, construction, electrical, electronics, automobiles, banks, insurance companies and other sectors besides hundred percent of agri-input products such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and farm machinery. The Indian rural market today accounts for only about Rs 8 billion of the total ad pie of Rs 120 billion, thus claiming 6.6 per cent of the total share. So clearly there seems to be a long way ahead. Although a lot is spoken about the immense potential of the unexplored rural market, advertisers and companies find it easier to vie for a share of the already divided urban pie. The success of a brand in the Indian rural market is as unpredictable as rain. It has always been difficult to gauge the rural market. Many brands, which should have been successful, have failed miserably. More often than not, people attribute rural market success to luck. Therefore, marketers need to understand the social dynamics and attitude variations within each village though nationally it follows a consistent pattern looking at the challenges and the opportunities which rural markets offer to the marketers it can be said that the future is very promising for those who can understand the dynamics of rural markets and exploit them to their best advantage. A radical change in attitudes of marketers towards the vibrant and burgeoning rural markets is called for, so they can successfully impress on the 230 million rural consumers spread over approximately six hundred thousand villages in rural India. What rural market buys? Rural India buys small packs, as they are perceived as value for money. There is brand stickiness, where a consumer buys a brand out of habit and not really by choice. Brands rarely fight for market share; they just have to be visible in the right place. Even expensive brands, such as Close-Up, Marie biscuits and Clinic shampoo are doing well because of deep distribution, many brands are doing well without much advertising support Ghadi, a big detergent brand in North India, is an example. Why Rural Market? The Indian rural market has a huge demand base and offers great opportunities to marketers. Two-thirds of Indian consumers live in rural areas and almost half of the national income is generated here. The reasons for heading into the rural areas are fairly clear. The urban consumer durable market for products like colour TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners is growing annually at between 7 per cent and 10 per cent. The rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 per cent annually. The rural market is growing faster than urban India now, says Venugopal Dhoot, chairman of the Rs 989 -crore(Rs billion) Videocon Appliances. The urban market is a replacement and up gradation market today, adds Samsungs director, marketing, Ravinder Zutshi. Reasons for improvement of business in rural area *Socio-economic changes (lifestyle, habits and tastes, economic status) *Literacy level (25% before independence more than 65% in 2001) *Infrastructure facilities (roads, electricity, media) *Increase in income   *Increase in expectations MART, the specialist rural marketing and rural development consultancy has found that 53 per cent of FMCG sales lie in the rural areas, as do 59 per cent of consumer durable sales, said its head Pradeep Kashyap at the seminar. Of two million BSNL mobile connections, 50 per cent went to small towns and villages, of 20 million Rediffmail subscriptions, 60 per cent came from small towns, so did half the transactions on Rediffs shopping site. Special features of rural market Unlike urban markets, rural markets are difficult to predict and possess special characteristics. The featured population is predominantly illiterate, have low income, characterized by irregular income, lack of monthly income and flow of income fluctuating with the monsoon winds. Rural markets face the critical issues of Distribution, Understanding the rural consumer, Communication and Poor infrastructure. The marketer has to strengthen the distribution and pricing strategies. The rural consumer expects value for money and owing to has unsteady and meager status of weekly income; increasing the household income and improving distribution are the viable strategies that have to be adapted to tap the immense potential of the market. Media reach is a strong reason for the penetration of goods like cosmetics, mobile phones, etc., which are only used by the urban people. Increasing awareness and knowledge on different products and brands accelerate the demand. The rural audience are however critical of glamorous ads on TV, and depend on the opinion leaders who introduce the product by using it and recommending it. Opinion leaders play a key role in popularizing products and influence in rural market. Nowadays educated youth of rural also influences the rural consumers. Rural consumers are influenced by the life style they watch on television sets. Their less exposure to outside world makes them innocent and fascinated to novelties. The reach of mass television media, especially television has influenced the buying behaviour greatly. Creating brands for rural India Rural markets are delicately powerful. Certain adaptations are required to cater to the rural masses; they have unique expectation and warrant changes in all four parameters of product, price, promotion and distribution. A lot is already emphasized on adapting the product and price in terms of packaging, flavouring, etc and in sachets, priced to suit the economic status of the rural India in sizes like Rs.5 packs and Re.1 packs that are perceived to be of value for money. This is a typical penetration strategy, that promises to convert the first time customers to repeated customers. The promotion strategies and distribution strategies are of paramount importance. Ad makers have learnt to leverage the benefits of improved infrastructure and media reach. The television airs advertisements to lure rural masses, and they are sure it reaches the target audience, because majority of rural India possesses and is glued to TV sets! Distributing small and medium sized packets thro poor roads, over long distances, into deep pockets of rural India and getting the stockiest to trust the mobility is a Herculean task. Giving the confidence those advertisements will support. Sales force is being trained to win the confidence of opinion leaders. Opinion leaders play an important role in popularizing the brand. They sometimes play the role of entry barriers for new products. The method of promotion needs to be tailored to suit the expectations of the market. Techniques that have proved to be successful are Van campaigns, edutainment films, generating word of mouth publicity through opinion leaders, colourful wall paintings. The Wide reach of television has exposed the other wise conservative audience to westernization. Panchayat televisions in Tamilnadu carries message that are well received and contribute to community development. Dynamics of rural markets differ from other market types, and similarly rural marketing strategies are also significantly different from the marketing strategies aimed at an urban or industrial consumer. This, along with several other related issues, have been subject matter of intense discussions and debate in countries like India and China and focus of even international symposia organized in these countries.   Rural markets and rural marketing involve a number of strategies, which include: * Client and location specific promotion *Joint or cooperative promotion *Bundling of inputs *Partnership for sustainability Client and Location specific promotion involves a strategy designed to be suitable to the location and the client. Joint or co-operative promotion strategy involves participation between the marketing agencies and the client. Bundling of inputs denote a marketing strategy, in which several related items are sold to the target client, including arrangements of credit, after-sale service, and so on. Media, both traditional as well as the modern media, is used as a marketing strategy to attract rural customers. Partnership for sustainability involves laying and building a foundation for continuous and long lasting relationship. Innovative media can be used to reach the rural customers. Radio and television are the conventional media that are reaching the rural audience effectively. But horse cart, bullock cart and wall writing are the other media, which can carry the message effectively to the rural customers.   Rural marketing is an evolving concept, and as a part of any economy has untapped potential; marketers have realized the opportunity recently. Improvement in infrastructure and reach, promise a bright future for those intending to go rural. Rural consumers are keen on branded goods nowadays, so the market size for products and services seems to have burgeoned. The rural population has shown a trend of wanting to move into a state of gradual urbanization in terms of exposure, habits, lifestyles and lastly, consumption patterns of goods and services. There are dangers on concentrating more on the rural customers. Reducing the product features in order to lower prices is a dangerous game to play. Rural Market: Areas with high level of expectation The Indian growth story is now spreading itself to Indias hinterlands. Rural India, which accounts for more than 70 per cent of the countrys one billion population (according to the Census of India 2001), is not just witnessing an increase in its income but also in consumption and production. The Union Budget for 2009-10 hiked the allocation for the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) to US$ 8.03 billion, giving a boost to the rural economy. This is in addition to the ambitious Bharat Nirman Programme with an outlay of US$ 34.84 billion for improving rural infrastructure. According to a study on the impact of the slowdown on rural markets commissioned by RMAI and conducted by MART, the rural economy has not been impacted by the global economic slowdown, according to a study by the Rural Marketing Association of India (RMAI). The study found that the rural and small town economy which accounts for 60 per cent of Indias income has remained insulated from the economic slowdown. Moreover, rural incomes are on the rise driven largely due to continuous growth in agriculture for four consecutive years. Moreover, the rural consumer market, which grew 25 per cent in 2008 when demand in urban areas slowed due to the global recession, is expected to reach US$ 425 billion in 2010-11 with 720-790 million customers, according to a white paper prepared by CII-Technopak. That will be double the 2004-05 market size of US$ 220 billion. According to the study, while the durables market shrunk in urban India, the rural market is seeing a 15 per cent growth rate. Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sales are up 23 per cent and telecom is growing at 13 per cent. FMCG According to figures released by market researcher AC Nielsen, demand for personal care products grew faster in rural areas than urban areas during the period April-September 2009. Several FMCG companies such as Godrej Consumer Products, Dabur, Marico and Hindustan Unilever (HUL) have increased their hiring in rural India and small towns in order to establish a local connect and increase visibility. GlaxoSmithkline Consumer Healthcare (GSK) and Nestle and are now launching products specifically for rural markets. Anand Ramanathan, an analyst from KPMG, said, Till recently, most FMCG companies used to treat rural markets as adjuncts to their urban strongholds and rural consumers as a homogeneous mass without segmenting them into target markets and positioning brands appropriately. Retail The rural retail market is currently estimated at US$ 112 billion, or around 40 per cent of the US$ 280 billion Indian retail market, according to a study paper, The Rise of Rural India, by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). Major domestic retailers like AV Birla, ITC, Godrej, Reliance and many others have already set up farm linkages. Hariyali Kisan Bazaars (DCM) and Aadhars (Pantaloon-Godrej JV), Choupal Sagars (ITC), Kisan Sansars (Tata), Reliance Fresh, Project Shakti (Hindustan Unilever) and Naya Yug Bazaar are established rural retail hubs. Pharmaceuticals /Healthcare According to a report by McKinsey, the rural and tier-II pharmaceuticals market will account for almost half of the growth till 2015. The tier-II market will grow to 44 per cent by 2015, amounting to US$ 8.8 billion. The health ministry is setting up a mechanism to screen people in rural areas for lifestyle diseases such as diabetes. Union Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad said that in the case of diabetes, the government was working out a strategy to diagnose those in the age group 30-40 years in rural areas, for diseases. The multinational drug company, Sanofi-Aventis, has launched Prayas, a marketing initiative to market generics in rural areas and small towns. Through this initiative, the company looks to share medical knowledge with a body of practitioners and specialists in rural areas through workshops. Telecommunication A joint Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and Ernst Young report reveals that of the next 250 million Indian wireless users, approximately 100 million (40 per cent) are likely to be from rural areas, and by 2012, rural users will account for over 60 per cent of the total telecom subscriber base in India. In a bid to acquire rural subscribers, most Indian telecom operators have started investing in infrastructure to roll out their services in these areas. Realising this as a huge potential, small Indian handset manufacturing companies, including Micromax, Intex Technologies and Karbonn, have lined up a marketing spend of around US$ 21.02 million for the financial year 2009-10. Infrastructure The World Bank has said that all-weather roads in villages in India have served to double the income of rural households, lift the literacy rate and increase land prices. Meanwhile, the Orissa government had decided to undertake an initiative to improve roadways in rural areas and upgrade 10,000 km of roads in rural areas. The decision was taken at a high level meeting chaired by Mr. Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister of Orissa in December 2009. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has sanctioned an amount of US$ 34.4 million to the government of West Bengal under the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) XV. NABARD has also sanctioned a US$ 26.29 million loan to Karnataka for the construction of infrastructure projects, such as secondary schools, rural godowns, jetties, minor irrigation structures, roads and bridges, in rural areas. Automobiles Mahindra and Mahindra Group (MM) arm, Mahindra First Choice, has announced that it is to set up sales and service outlets in rural areas with the target of setting up 100,000 vehicles by 2015, according to MM President Rajeev Dubey. Meanwhile, motorcycle manufacturer TVS Motor Co. Ltd has said that it is depending on a far-reaching penetration of the rural market and the launch of new brands to boost the companys growth in 2010. Services Sector According to a report based on the 63rd round of survey by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), 60 per cent of the services sector enterprises in the country are located in rural areas. Of the 16.5 million services sector enterprises in India in 2006-07, 85 per cent were own account enterprises (OAEs) while the remaining 15 per cent were establishments. Seventy six per cent of the workers employed in these enterprises were employed in the rural areas of the country. Road ahead According to international consultancy firm Celent, rural markets in India will grow to a potential of US$ 1.9 billion by 2015 from the current US$ 487 million. Rural markets are growing at double the pace of urban markets and for many product categories, rural markets account for well over 60 per cent of the national demand. The success of the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM), which has so far trained 100,000 rural youth, has led the rural development ministry to request an increase in budgetary allocation for the project. Rita Sharma, Secretary in the Rural Development Ministry, has said that they had sought US$ 2.29 billion from the Finance Ministry.

Atomic Theory :: physics atomic theory

Missing equations The understanding of the physical world changed as the development of the atomic theory progressed. The view of the world before the atomic theory is important to consider when trying to understand the kind of knowledge that people such as Democritus and Epicurus had when developing their theories that later influenced the further development of the atomic theory. Alchemy Alchemy is normally thought of as the transition of metals into gold. In reality alchemist are said by William H. Brock were â€Å"often concerned with a spiritual quest by humankind to make sense of the universe.† The transition of metals was only a small portion of what alchemy entailed. There were three main terms used when describing the work of early alchemists; macrobiotics, aurifiction, aurifaction. Macrobiotics used the understanding of botanical, mineral and zoological areas and then created medicines or as the people of the alchemical times called them, elixirs. Aurifiction was the imitation of gold or other precious metals. Aurifaction was the process of actually creating gold from another metal. Geography greatly influenced the practices of alchemists. All over the world people were exploring the natural world and its chemical and physical properties. Rituals similar to those involved in child birth were often found in Siberia, Indonesia and African alchemical procedures. Brock comments that, â€Å"like embryos, metals grew in the womb of mother nature.† There were myths associated in the creation of metals and why they were present in the world. In the Indian, Chinese and Arabic cultures they believed in the â€Å"elixir of life† and the alchemy taking place in these regions were focused on the body and the combination of what the body needs and what the body releases were of great importance. The Arabic culture is said to be responsible to spreading these ideas to 14th century Europe. When focusing on the development of scientific understanding it is necessary to take a closer look at the beliefs of the natural world of the various geographic areas. China As stated earlier, China was more focused on producing elixirs and drugs than the transition of metals. Brock states that they waned to, â€Å"bring the body closer to a state of perfection and harmony with the universe.† Undergoing this process would eventually lead to immortality. Naitan was the term associated with the physiological alchemy.

Productive Opportunity Essay

Productive opportunities depends on multiple things, the advancement of technology, the availability and access to resources, and also what producers and entrepreneurs can think of at the given time. Choosing a combination of productive and financial opportunities help maximize wealth. They key in finding a productive opportunity is a high degree of awareness of the factors that distort judgment A perfect capital market is when buying and selling do not affect prices. â€Å"In a perfect capital market the corporation is regarded only as a means of generating wealth, because the present value of the dollar returns it generates is the only feature relevant to its owners.† Understanding your resource, resources is a source or supply from which an organization gains profit. Typically resources are materials or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable. From a human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the environment to satisfy human needs and wants. Organizations operate by people making decisions. A manager plans and organizes a team by executing decisions. The effectiveness and quality of those decisions determines how successful a manager is. With this being said â€Å"the goal of the manager and owner remain the same as long as market value is maximized.† Opportunity is all around us but yet at the same time sometimes we never see it. In business we look for new ways to market our business, reach our target market, build on online community and through this all we overlook the opportunity that is all around us. We are learning to create opportunity my maximizing our market value. In conclusion, â€Å"in a perfect capital market, the market value of the ï ¬ rm is determined only by the cash ï ¬â€šows it can generate and not by the source of funds used to ï ¬ nance those operations. The task of management is to create wealth by ï ¬ nding productive opportunities with average rates of return exceeding the market rate of interest.† Fabozzi, Frank J. (2011-12-01). Financial Economics (Page 46). Wiley. Kindle Edition.

Resilience

Resilience No matter how old, or young you are there Is no doubt that life has had a tough and rigorous grip on you. It could have been so rough that you think that there Is no way to recover. But you seem to always recover In time. This Is the meaning of human resilience. It Is the ablllty to be knocked down by life but picked back up and become stronger by yourself. The way you become stronger Is not only based off of yourself (internal sources) but by your environment (external sources). With these sources you can become resilient to life and always become stronger!To be resilient means, â€Å"the power or ability to return to the original form, position, etc. , after being bent, compressed, or stretched; elasticity. † (The Free Dictionary). This definition would be for the non-living. Just like a tree being blown in the wind it will bend all it can but as soon as the wind stops it will regain Its normal posture. This is what we humans do too! We all take pressure from life , whether it's good or bad, we will become stressed or hurt (bent like the tree). As soon as that pressure goes away we can recover to our normal being.The oak fought the wind and was broken, the willow bent when It must and survived. † (Robert Jordan, The Fires of Heaven). Just Ilke this willow tree, we must bend when life takes Its toll on us. Humans have the ablllty to recover, so we must use it often to survive life's rough times. Overall the meaning of human resilience is the ability to recover quickly when we are being bent from life's everyday pressures. Human resilience comes from internal and external sources. The external source is the environment that you are in. I say it is the environment because environments ive you more options to be able to be resilient.Here is an example. If you live in a small rundown town In Virginia, which has basically no companies or industries thriving In the area, compared to New York City. New York City is a place full of opportunities to become resilient because there Is so many companies and Industries that are growing, so you will have a much greater chance to recover from something if you would live in New York City just like Jeannette Walls. The main idea is that if you are becoming resilient it would be easier in the right environment, with he right opportunities just like in the Glass Castle.The most important source is the internal source, which is our mind and soul. Without our mind and soul we would have no self-motivation, and without self- motivation we cannot be resilient. â€Å"No matter how much falls on us, we keep plowing ahead. That's the only way to keep the roads clear. † (Greg Kincacid) This quote is perfect because it shows self-motivation! Without it you cannot keep plowing ahead. Everyone who Is resilient has self-motivation, Just Ilke Jeannette Walls when she was otivated to leave Vlrglnla and to move to New York.

Strategic Planning Essays - Management, Strategic Management

Strategic Planning Essays - Management, Strategic Management Strategic Planning MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ESSAY 1998/99 The development of a strategic plan is essential to the achievement of organisational goals. Discuss. The development of a strategic plan is an essential part of strategic management accounting. If carried out to its full credibility the organisation will achieve its goals. It is important to note that the strategic plan is set for long term planning, as much as 3-5 years. It has been established that a strategic plan requires the specification of objectives distinguished between three key elements, forming a hierarchy: the mission of an organisation, corporate objectives and unit objectives. These objectives are the first stage of the strategic plan, before the organisation has to ask, and answer, three simple but vital questions; 1) Where are we now? 2) Where do we want to be? (long term) 3) How are we going to get there? This is where we bring analysis such as SWOT analysis, the Boston matrix, the value chain and the Ansoff matrix into the plan. Corporate objectives relate to the organisation as a whole. They are expressed in financial terms, such as desired profit or sales levels, return on capital employed (ROCE), rates of growth or market share, and are normally measurable in some way. Formulated by members of the board, or directors to be handed down to senior management. United Biscuits corporate objectives in their annual report of 1985 were; 'The most important objective remains the achievement of a minimum return of 20% on average capital employees, with a target return of 25%'.2 Unit objectives relate to the specific objectives of individual units within the organisation, such as a division or one company within a holding company. The unit objectives for costain group plc in their annual report of 1986 were; 'In the UK costain Homes is budgeted to sell 2'500 homes in 1987, - a figure that will put it among the top ten house builders'.3 Before the corporate and unit objectives are incorporated one must start with the mission, and the basic concepts which involve vision statement, mission statement, goals and objectives. The first thing is to establish the long-term strategic aims of the organisation, otherwise known as corporate planning. A vision statement would be drawn up first and is simply a vague sentence expressing the positive effect it will have on society and is often used to say how the 'world will become a better place due to the existence of the proposal(s). This is often linked with the mission statement, and some companies may even omit the vision and focus only on the mission. This emphasis more on the specific role that the organisation plans. It describes in very general terms the broad purpose and reason for its existence, the nature of the business(es) it is in, and the customers it seeks to serve and satisfy over the long run. The mission statement for international company 'Virgin' is very simple, very brief but informative as to what they wanted to put across, and is simply; 'The directors aim to develop virgin into the leading British international media and entertainment group'.4 Equally important are the goals and objectives. Firstly the organisational goals, the aims that the company strives to incorporate and achieve. These are a more detailed breakdown of what the mission states. They will be defined for different groups of shareholders. As one would expect, organisational goals are established for shorter time frames and are of unquantified sources. Goals can be a little ambiguous, they can be expressed in simple terms, for example, to make a profit, or in a wider area, to increase productivity. Therefore such goals can be taken for granted and so tell us little about the emphasis placed on the various activities of the organisation in meeting those goals. On the other hand one can say how vitally important they are. They provide a basis for planning and management control, guidelines for decision making and justification for the actions taken. The goals that the company set out in their report will be different to that received by the individuals, group s or departments of that same company. The goals will help to develop commitment of these people and so focuses attention on purposeful behaviour providing a basis for motivation and rewards. Fig 1: FORMAL GOALS Personal goals of

Christianity and Church Essays

Christianity and Church Essays Christianity and Church Essay Christianity and Church Essay A sacrament can be defined as a visible sign of an invisible grace or an outward sign of an inward grace. Through the visible there is invisible. For example: The Eucharist – Bread and Wine are visible and the Life of Christ is invisible. It is a sign of Gods grace, a visible sign, something we are able to see. Therefore the church stands as a visible sign; the invisible grace is Gods presence. Hence sacraments make Gods presence more real and understandable for us as believers. The church is needed to build up unity among all of us, to bring us together as a community to share in Gods life just as God wants. The church is a sign and instrument of unity with God. Gods love for us reconciles us to God and to each other and brings us together in unity. The church reminds us and is a symbol of what God has done for us and what he will do for us. According to Walter Kasper the unity of the church is grounded in salvation. As a community of Christians we all come together in the church. We share in the church and this makes our bond to each other and God stronger. However within this unity we may see diversity. For example the Trinity is made up of three divine spirits, the father, the son and the Holy Spirit. They make up one person. Church is made one with the unity of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Just as the Trinity makes up one person, we as Christians work for each other and build up the church together. We make up one body, Jesus Christ and one church. Just as the church is a sacrament of communion, a sign and instrument of unity among all men, this one sacrament is built up upon the seven sacraments. Christ is the sacrament of God, he is a visible sign of Gods invisible grace, the church is then a sacrament of Christ, the church is to us a sign of Gods grace. It is an instrument in its role to bring us together as a community. The church has a role to play in our lives just as we have a role to play in the life of the church become living symbols of divine love and beacons of hope in the world. The church wants to bring us together at the end of time in the Kingdom of God. We experience Gods love through his words, through his teachings, his miracles and especially through his passion, death and resurrection. He sacrificed everything for us. The church therefore is a sacrament of salvation. A central sacrament of the church is the Eucharist. This reminds us of what God has done for us and what he will do for us. The church takes us back in time and we remember and worship God for his sacrifices on our behalf. The Eucharist also directs us to the future and what God asks of us, to come together in unity in the Kingdom of God. The visible aspects will disappear and we come face to face with God in heaven. Salvation is achieving through Christ, through the church, his visible sign to us. By worshiping God we achieve salvation; we share in his divine life. By being saved, by being forgiven from our sins we will experience salvation. By worshiping the church we can also find salvation as the church worships on our behalf. The church says yes to God on our behalf. The church forms a bond or link with God. The church is a sign of the world and a community should be. The church as a sacrament because it offers us all seven sacraments which brings us to unity with God, we love and worship him and through these sacraments we reach salvation. God saves us by uniting to himself. God saves us through the church because it is a sacrament of salvation. The church is a universal sacrament. She is there for everyone. We experience the sacraments when we come into this world when we are born we are baptised. God Christ Church The church is the source of the seven sacraments: Baptism (when we are born), Eucharist (grow in the life of God), Penance, Confirmation (stand up for ourselves in God), Marriage (share in Gods love), Holy Order and Sacrament of the sick. The sacraments aid us and guide us in reaching salvation. Gods mission is to bring us together, share in his life and experience his live. He sacrificed his life for us so that we could live happy lives and he will be there to lead us on our lives and help us live a good life just as he did. We are called to be holy and be an intimate friend of Christ. The church communicates the salvation of Jesus Christ. The church is not only a sacrament of Christ, but a sacrament of man and of the world. The church as a sacrament reveals union of men with God or each other. The Church points back to Christ and what he has done for us and to the future to the Kingdom, what he will do for us. Salvation comes from the Messiah. We are all part of a local church in which are a community. Together as we join in unity we all form the universal Church. By worshiping God in the Church we find salvation. By worshiping the church, the church worships on our behalf. The church makes sacrifices for us. ‘So the church’s sacrifice in communion with Christ is vicarious by nature as the sacrament of Christ’s sacrifice and so also on behalf of the world of mankind’. We are all called to unity not just the church. We cannot reach salvation until we embrace God’s love. It is a sign of communion to all humanity. At the end of time we will have the Kingdom of God. The church has the task to get all humanity to the end. The church is the link between humanity and Good. The church makes God visible. The church is a communion that is needed to create unity among all men. Unity is rooted in Jesus Christ. Sharing in the church helps to create community with one another. Since every local church exists by sharing in the same baptism and the same Eucharist, none can exist in isolation’. Just as we as members and believers of the church are in community with each other, the local church’s are also in communion with each other. They make up one universal church. We make sacrifices in the church and this aids us towards the universal church. By being closer to God we become united with him and we reach salvation. God saves us through the church. [ 2 ]. The church as Sacrament of the World, Jan Groot, Pg. 30 [ 3 ]. The Church as Sacrament of Unity, Walter Kasper, pg. 8

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement Founded in 1924 by writer and poet Andrà © Breton, the Surrealist group was comprised of artists whom Breton had handpicked. However, the movements ideas, which focused on exposing the subconscious through exercises like automatic drawing, were not contained to the select few whom Breton capriciously favored or shunned. Its influence was worldwide and found its strongest outposts in Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Northern Africa. Due to Surrealism’s reputation as a male discipline, female artists are often written out of its story. Yet the work of these five female artists upends the traditional narrative about Surrealism’s focus on objectifying the female body, and their participation in the movement is testament to the fact that the Surrealist ethos was more expansive than art history has previously assumed. Leonor Fini Leonor Fini was born in Argentina in 1907, but she spent her youth in Trieste, Italy after her mother fled an unhappy marriage to Fini’s father. As an adult, Fini became well-acquainted with the Surrealist group in Paris, befriending figures such as Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. Her work was exhibited in MoMA’s seminal 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† show. Fini was taken by the idea of the androgyne, with which she identified. Her lifestyle was in keeping with her unconventional approach to gender, as she lived in a menagetrois with two men for over forty years. She spent summers in a rundown castle on Corsica, where she gave elaborate costume parties, for which her guests would plan for months. Leonor Fini with one of her paintings. Francis Apesteguy/Getty Images Finis work often featured female protagonists in positions of dominance. She illustrated erotic fiction and designed costumes for her friends’ plays. She would also design her own costumes for social events. Her often over-the-top self image was photographed by some of the era’s most well known photographers, including Carl van Vechten. Perhaps Fini’s greatest commercial success was in designing the perfume bottle for Elsa Schiaparellis â€Å"Shocking† perfume. The bottle was made to look like the naked torso of a woman; the design has been mimicked for decades. Dorothea Tanning Dorothea Tanning was born in 1911 and grew up in Galesburg, Illinois, the daughter of Swedish immigrants. Stifled by a strict childhood, the young Tanning escaped into literature, becoming acquainted with the world of European arts and letters through books. Confident that she was destined to become an artist, Tanning dropped out of the Art Institute of Chicago in favor of living in New York. MoMA’s 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† cemented her commitment to Surrealism. It was not until years later that she became close to some of its key characters, when many moved to New York to escape the growing hostility in Europe due to the Second World War. Portrait of Dorothea Tanning, 1955.   Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images When visiting Tanning’s studio on behalf of his wife Peggy Guggenheim’s â€Å"Art of this Century† Gallery, Max Ernst met Tanning and was impressed with her work. They became fast friends, and eventually married in 1946, after Ernst had divorced Guggenheim. The couple moved to Sedona, Arizona and lived among a cohort of fellow Surrealists. Tanning’s output was varied, as her career spanned around eighty years. Although she is perhaps best known for her paintings, Tanning also turned to costume design, sculpture, prose, and poetry. She has a large body of work consisting of plush humanoid sculptures, which she was known to use in installations throughout the 1970s. She died in 2012 at age 101. Leonora Carrington Leonora Carrington was born in the United Kingdom in 1917. She briefly attended the Chelsea School of Art, then transferred to Londons Ozenfant Academy of Fine Arts. She met Max Ernst in her early twenties and soon moved with him to the south of France. Ernst was arrested by the French authorities for being a hostile alien and later by the Nazis for producing degenerate art. Carrington suffered a nervous breakdown and was hospitalized at an asylum in Spain. Her only means of escape was to marry, so she married a Mexican diplomat and left for the United States, where she was reunited with many of the Surrealists in exile in New York. She soon moved to Mexico, where she helped to found the Womens Liberation Movement and ultimately spent the rest of her life. Carringtons work centers on symbols of mysticism and sorcery, and often deals with significant recurring images. Carrington also wrote fiction, including The Hearing Trumpet (1976), for which she is best known. Sculpture by Leonora Carrington in Mexico City.    Meret Oppenheim Swiss artist Meret Oppenheim was born in Berlin in 1913. At the outbreak of the First World War, her family moved to Switzerland, where she began to study art before moving to Paris. It was in Paris that she became acquainted with the Surrealist circle. She knew Andrà © Breton, was briefly romantically involved with Max Ernst, and modeled for Man Ray’s photographs. Oppenheim was best known for her assemblage sculpture, which brought together disparate found objects in order to make a point. She is most famous for her Dà ©jeuner en Fourrure also called Objet, a teacup lined in fur, which was exhibited at MoMA’s â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† and was reportedly the first addition to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art by a woman. Objet became an icon of the Surrealist movement, and though it is responsible for Oppenheim’s fame, its success has often overshadowed her other extensive work, which includes painting, sculpture, and jewelry. Though she was crippled by the early success of Objet, Oppenheim began to work again in the 1950s, after several decades. Her work ËÅ"has been the subject of numerous retrospectives around the world. Often addressing themes of female sexuality, Oppenheim’s work remains an important touchstone for understanding Surrealism as a whole. Dora Maar Dora Maar was a French Surrealist photographer. She is perhaps most famous for her photograph Pà ¨re Ubu, a closeup of an armadillo, which became an iconic image for Surrealism after it was exhibited at the International Surrealist Exhibition in London. Maars career has been overshadowed by her relationship with Pablo Picasso, who used her as muse and model for many of his paintings (most notably his â€Å"Weeping Woman† series). Picasso convinced Maar to close her photography studio, which effectively ended her career, as she was unable to revive her former reputation. However, a significant retrospective of Maars work will open at the Tate Modern in the fall of 2019. Photographs by Dora Maar of her lover, Pablo Picasso.   Getty Images Sources Alexandrian S.  Surrealist Art. London: Thames Hudson; 2007.Blumberg N. Meret Oppenheim. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Meret-Oppenheim.Crawford A. A Look Back at the Artist Dora Maar. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/pro_art_article-180968395/. Published 2018.Leonora Carrington: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/leonora-carrington.Meret Oppenheim: National Museum of Women in the Arts. Nmwa.org. https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/meret-oppenheim.

Organic Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organic Food - Essay Example Almost all food stores now carry organic food. The popularity of organic food stores has increased because of its rapid demand all around the world. â€Å"The Annual sales of organic products in the United States are topping anywhere from $16.3 billion to $29.7 billion†. (Selvon, 2012) The demand has increased due to its several benefits. Grocery retailers who consider the consumer interest and reasons of rise in organic food consumption can eventually become market leaders. They are considered to be more nutritious, protect from harmful diseases, promotes well being and protects the environment. The National organic program was developed on 21st October 2002 and is a program for developing organic standards. It comprises of representatives from several categories such as farmer, retailer, processor, scientist, environmentalist and certifying agent. The USDA organic logo is an easy way to recognize organic products for the consumers and feel con?dent that they are purchasing a product that is pure and meets standards. The foods covered under current organic standards are fruits, meat and poultry, legumes, livestock feed, nuts, seeds and so on. Organic certification systems mostly have elements such as: 1. Standards: Standards must be clearly formulated and communicated among all parties. 2. Contracts and legal framework: Contracts and Legal framework should be bound by a legal system and written agreement. 3. Inspection: It is better that the inspection covers transactions, processing, production, labeling, storage and certification. 4. Certification: The three types of certification, direct certification, Co?certification and Local certification. Consumers needs and wants change with time. The consumers nowadays have started preferring organic food products over conventional foods. There are several reasons behind it. The main reason is that there is a rise in various diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, obesity etc. Consumers have become very healt h conscious. This health consciousness has risen because of increase in education attainment and media. (Minton, 2009) Various harmful chemicals such as heavy metals, synthetic pesticides and solvents such as benzene and toluene are found in non-organic foods. As Organic foods are chemical and toxin free so they protect individuals from several diseases and other harmful infections. (Nytimes, 2009) The study sponsored by the European Union confirmed that organic fruits and vegetables have more vitamins and minerals and up to  50% more antioxidants which are beneficial for humans. (Kidsorganics, n.d.) In addition people who are allergic to foods, chemicals or preservatives by switching to organic foods can gain relief. Children and fetuses less developed immune system is most vulnerable to pesticide and can cause behavioral disorders and developmental delays. Furthermore pregnant women should also avoid non-organic foods as these effects of harmful chemicals can be passed from them to their baby. (Medical news today, 2004) The fruits and vegetables with high pesticides in production are pears, peaches, spinach, celery, apple, grapes, bell peppers, potatoes and red raspberries. (Vitamin retailer, n.d.) Organic foods are fresh, natural, have better taste, color and flavor. Chefs nowadays mostly prefer to choose organic foods for their kitchens because of its superior taste. (Greenopolis, n.d.) Moreover, organic farming is better for other living things such as birds and small animals as pesticides can make it difficult for creatures to reproduce and can even kill them. Another reason is that consumers want to protect the environment from these harmful chemicals as they are the main cause of climatic change. Organic food produc

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Undecided - Research Paper Example During this process, water becomes produced first from the fractures present within the coal. This process continues until the pressure declines to the level where methane would begin to desorb from the coal surrounding substance itself. The extent of the coalbed fracture stays controlled by the characteristics of the geologic formation, the fluid used in fracturing, and the pressure employed in pumping. The distance at which the fracturing would be performed also comprises geological formation characteristics. The ability for a fracture to grow taller or longer would be determined by the material goods of the surrounding rock. A hydraulically generated fracture would take the route of least resistance through the surrounding rock formations and coal seams (EPA Chapter 1; 3-4). Studies by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Marcellus Shale Team, and the Energy Institute have clearly confirmed the effectiveness of present-day state regulations in protecting water resources. Thi s research paper positions itself to supporting that methane hydraulic fracturing fluids into coalbed wells pose a minimal threat to underground drinking water sources. Discussion EPA conducted a research study into evaluating the impacts of hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane to underground sources of drinking water. The study employed a methodology covering hydraulic fracturing processes and potential incidents of water quality associated with the process. Also, the methodology would determine hazardous constituents contained in hydraulic fracturing additives and fluids as well as identification of coalbed methane basins hydrogeology. The approach employed a detailed and extensive collection of reviews and information of theoretical and empirical data. EPA also reviewed cases of underground drinking water contamination alleged to have resulted from the injection of methane hydraulic fracturing fluids into coalbed methane beds (EPA Chapter 2; 2). Methane hydraulic fracturing fl uids include foamed gels, acids, potassium chloride water and clear water, cross or linear linked gels and a combined treatment of any two or more of these fluids. On the other hand, hydraulic additives include biocides, friction reducers, breakers, acid corrosion inhibitors and fluid loss additives (EPA Chapter 4; 2-8). Their findings on water quality incidents reflected data from formal studies, in addition to the opinions of, residents living near coalbed methane sites namely Black Warrior, Powder River Basins, San Juan and Central Appalachian. Incidences of contamination could be attributed to common production activities such as surface discharge of fracturing and production fluids, and methane migration through fracturing and drilling made outlets. In addition, contamination could arise from improperly abandoned production well, aquifer dewatering and poorly installed or sealed production wells. Moreover, natural factors, resource development, historical practices and populati on growth also constitute potential sources of contamination to drinking water. However, the follow-up outcomes of the study concluded that underground drinking water sources could not be contaminated by hydraulic fracturing. According to EPA, the production of ground water would minimize the likelihood that chemicals contained in fracturing fluids could impact negatively on underground drink

How to use a Rubber in Mobile Phones Case Study

How to use a Rubber in Mobile Phones - Case Study Example These devices represent one of the most advanced (sophisticated) technologies ever developed by human beings (Karim 2010). Through them people can communicate with each other, surf on the internet, listen to music, watch videos, and play games among other functionalities. The various functionalities of mobile phones are normally enhanced by design and use of a variety of components in their manufacture. In this regard, mobile phones normally consist of several components, and these components are made from a wide variety of materials (Chan 2007). The materials from which mobile phones components are made include plastics, rubber, magnets, paper and metals among others. This paper, therefore, aims at investigating how rubber is currently used in the design and manufacture of mobile phones. The paper also aims at investigating the alternative areas in mobile phone design and construction that rubber can be used. Main parts of mobile phone and their use The main components of mobile pho nes are: battery, SIM card, circuit board, keyboard, speaker and microphone, antenna, software, and Liquid Crystal Display screen (commonly abbreviated as LCD screen) among others (Mueller 2013). Circuit board Circuit board is amongst the most important components of a mobile phone. ... The chips on the circuit board can perform numerous calculations (always millions of calculations) in a single second. The circuit board chips’ calculations are normally performed to decompress or compress voice stream (Harris 2006). Other than chips, another component that is available in the mobile phone circuit board is digital signal processor (commonly abbreviated as DSP) (Mueller 2013). This component is designed to perform operations related to manipulation of digital signals at greater speeds in a single second. Another component that is available in mobile phone circuit board is micro-processor. The microprocessor is responsible for three main functions; these functions are stated below: i. Coordination of all the functions of the mobile phone circuit board. ii. Processes commands as well as control signals related to connecting mobile phone to base station (also known as the cell phone tower). iii. Handles as well as coordinates the functions of display and keyboard. (Mueller 2013) Other components that are associated with mobile phone circuit board are ROM (the read only memory) and chips associated with flash memory. These components are responsible for the running and storage of the mobile phone’s operating system and software applications (Mueller 2013). Mobile phone’s speaker and Microphone Other than the circuit board, speakers and microphones are other important components of mobile phones. It is through the speakers as well as the microphones that communications between individuals are made possible (Harris 2006). Mobile phone microphone is responsible for converting the sound signals to electrical signals. The

How Music Impacted the Slaves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Music Impacted the Slaves - Essay Example Slave music can be grouped in three major categories: religious, work, and recreational. African traditions and Christianity inspired religious songs; work songs eased the burden of hard labor and helped slaves synchronize group tasks, encouraged slaves during long hours of physical toil; it kept their spirit up and could work harder and longer. Recreational songs mostly were played on string instruments; in their free time slaves listened and danced to the music. The lyrics of the slave music were simple; it expressed their hardship, sadness, and feelings (â€Å"Understand Slave Culture Through Songs†). They lyrics were repetitive which appealed to their educational levels. Slaves used music to protest against slavery by ridiculing their masters in songs. For example, a group of slaves witnessed their master falling from his horse, which was turned into a song with thinly veiled lyrics and sung by all the slaves in the field the next day as he rode by (â€Å"The New Worldâ⠂¬  1). It was mentioned above that salves did not pay much attention to the lyrics; however they were expressive that promised a better world in this and the next life. For example (Faigin 1), There is a balm in Gilead to make the wounded whole. There is a balm in Gilead to heal the sin-sick soul. One of these mornings bright and fair, I’m gonna lay down my heavy load. Gonna kick my wings and cleave the air, I’m gonna lay down my heavy load. Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800, and was hanged on and skinned on November 1832 (â€Å"Net Turner’s Rebellion†). After the Nat Turner revolt, strict curfews required slaves to show passes in their travel from one plantation to another. At that time, slaves expressed their emotions through the following lyrics (Faigin): Run nigger,... This essay approves that American slaves found music as a mode of communication and expression. Slave music can be grouped in three major categories: religious, work, and recreational. African traditions and Christianity inspired religious songs; work songs eased the burden of hard labor and helped slaves synchronize group tasks, encouraged slaves during long hours of physical toil; it kept their spirit up and could work harder and longer. Recreational songs mostly were played on string instruments; in their free time slaves listened and danced to the music. This report makes a conclusion that American slave culture flourished over three centuries. On one hand, their hard work built the economic foundation of the country; on the other hand, they faced whippings, beatings, executions, and rapes. Even in this atmosphere, slaves developed their own culture, which was based on a variety of African tribal customs; story telling and enthusiastic group worship. In the American society, they were prevented from reading and writing. So they did not have a mode of communication. They compensated it by embracing a different form of communication; music, the concept that they brought from their homeland. Thus, music became a vital part of the American slave culture. It bolstered their spirits, gave hope, and strength in their daily lives that mainly consisted of hardship. Eventually, their songs became descriptive that provided them with directions on how to escape to freedom.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Term Paper Example For example, human beings undergo the continuous change of aging. This does not make them any better rather their energy, strength and productivity either remains constant or reduce as they age. This means that the arrow of time points to decreasing the order of a product and not increasing. This principle is very much applicable in the fashion design industry and as a fashion designer it is always important to have this in mind. This is a critical review of the second law of thermodynamics and how the arrow of time is applicable to the fashion and design industry. Literature from relevant articles and websites were used to come up with the paper and relevant information recorded. As scientist argues, time is the fourth dimension of the universe. A clock may seem to be the main symbol of time but when one clock stops working, time does not wait for it rather it continuous. Time cannot go backward and so when time passes, it never goes back and we have to move with it. Time is also kn own to have one direction and so it will never go back to where it came from. When we use the Newton’s laws of motion, we can be able to calculate where something came from, however with time this is different. We are not able to calculate the exact position where the arrow of time came from. To understand the arrow of time, we have to look at the theory of entropy. Entropy in physics describes how things are arranged in an orderly manner. The theory of entropy is that if things are arranged in a certain order, then after some time it will become disarranged and disorganized (Kestin 119). Thus if you arrange your books neatly in an office, then you won’t be surprised if the next time you walk in the papers will be a bit disorganized. If you find the papers more organized than you left them then you have to ask yourself a lot of question since it is impossible. This theory of entropy is very important to a fashion designer. The designer has to know that however perfect things might be, they will be disorganized in some way and that they will need to be organized again. The second law of thermodynamics does not focus much on time rather it focuses on the arrangement of particles of matter. The arrow of time assumes that the universe started off in very low entropy meaning that the entire universe was in an organized state. This can also be the same to the products that fashion designers create such as shirts. When we create a shirt today, then the value of the shirt tend to either remain constant over time or decrease in value over some period of time if not sold. This is only on unsold products. Now let’s take an example of a shirt that is sold out. With time, the shirt begins to lose its value and as it gets old, the owner will obviously need another shirt. This is with respect to the second law of thermodynamics and the arrow of time. As a fashion designer, how is this theory important? First of all, this theory is important to the indust ry because as goods lose their value, new ones are needed and so the industry moves on. However before we produce new goods, the industry has to be sure of the amount of time that it takes the goods to totally lose their value in the, market. This will prevent situations where several goods are produced when the previous ones have not yet lost their value. As a result, both goods will end up losing their value at the same time and hence produce loses to the industry. Perfect timing is the key to providing the best goods over time. To know the perfect time for production. We have to study the market and understand the way that goods lose their value. This will ensure that we know exactly when to come up with new products and hence reduce chances of huge

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Plan - Assignment Example The existing capacity of Protrich is not able to meet the demand for the products in its various markets. If the company is not able to expand the capacity for the existing demand and for the anticipated future demands, it will lose the market to other major competitors. Also, the Protrich need to expand as an international brand rather than confining itself to the south Indian and Middle East market. The potential markets for Protrich are China, Europe and USA. In order to compete in China, Europe and USA markets, Protrich will not only have to focus on the quality aspect but also on the cost aspect. For having an edge over the price, Protrich should adopt cost effective manufacturing. This is possible in India only up to a certain limit. Therefore, to have an even lower cost of production, it is better for Protrich to setup manufacturing unit in China. China, along with Netherlands accounts for more than 50% of the exports of white button mushrooms. China’s mushroom producti on has been in question for several times including certain countries imposing even anti-dumping measures on them. But this is mainly based on the fact that there wasn’t much notable technology being used for production process in the country. (Mushroombusiness, 2011) But Protrich being a company with all technological support for production, quality of production will never be in question. This report will analyze the benefits for Protrich to invest in China. Analysis Home Country The home country of the company is India. India as a mushroom market is not well flourished. There are very few established brands in the country. Even for the established brands, the market coverage will be limited. Retail customers are mainly from the upper middle class and above. Even for them, mushroom is not a frequent item on the dining table. But there is huge demand from hotels and restaurant chains. This is the customer group from which Mushroom companies have a steady demand. Dominos Pizz a and US Pizza has been the customers of Protrich for six years and four years respectively. Apart from these established brands, there are also many other mediocre restaurant chains who are frequent customers of Protrich. Protrich’s major market is the southern states of India such as Kerala (the company’s home state), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Protrich’s products are available only in the major cities of these states. It is not distributed widely to include the smaller towns because there is very less demand in the smaller towns and cities. Even in the cities, the products will be available only in supermarkets. Protrich enjoys third position in terms of market share. The market leaders are Best Mushroom Limited and Mushroom India Limited. Protrich is almost at par with the market leaders in terms of the brand value. In the UAE market all the three brands are very popular. The advantage of current expansion move of Protrich is that it will be a ble to gain market share over the other two. Neither Best Mushroom nor Mushroom India has a market presence in Europe and USA. At this point, if Protrich is able to provide the market with quality products, it will be advantageous for the company in terms of brand value and market share. Host Country The potential host markets of Protrich are China, Europe and USA. Among these, foreign direct investment will be made by Protrich in China where it intends to setup the manufacturing units. The analysis will be based on the

The Second Law of Thermodynamics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Term Paper Example For example, human beings undergo the continuous change of aging. This does not make them any better rather their energy, strength and productivity either remains constant or reduce as they age. This means that the arrow of time points to decreasing the order of a product and not increasing. This principle is very much applicable in the fashion design industry and as a fashion designer it is always important to have this in mind. This is a critical review of the second law of thermodynamics and how the arrow of time is applicable to the fashion and design industry. Literature from relevant articles and websites were used to come up with the paper and relevant information recorded. As scientist argues, time is the fourth dimension of the universe. A clock may seem to be the main symbol of time but when one clock stops working, time does not wait for it rather it continuous. Time cannot go backward and so when time passes, it never goes back and we have to move with it. Time is also kn own to have one direction and so it will never go back to where it came from. When we use the Newton’s laws of motion, we can be able to calculate where something came from, however with time this is different. We are not able to calculate the exact position where the arrow of time came from. To understand the arrow of time, we have to look at the theory of entropy. Entropy in physics describes how things are arranged in an orderly manner. The theory of entropy is that if things are arranged in a certain order, then after some time it will become disarranged and disorganized (Kestin 119). Thus if you arrange your books neatly in an office, then you won’t be surprised if the next time you walk in the papers will be a bit disorganized. If you find the papers more organized than you left them then you have to ask yourself a lot of question since it is impossible. This theory of entropy is very important to a fashion designer. The designer has to know that however perfect things might be, they will be disorganized in some way and that they will need to be organized again. The second law of thermodynamics does not focus much on time rather it focuses on the arrangement of particles of matter. The arrow of time assumes that the universe started off in very low entropy meaning that the entire universe was in an organized state. This can also be the same to the products that fashion designers create such as shirts. When we create a shirt today, then the value of the shirt tend to either remain constant over time or decrease in value over some period of time if not sold. This is only on unsold products. Now let’s take an example of a shirt that is sold out. With time, the shirt begins to lose its value and as it gets old, the owner will obviously need another shirt. This is with respect to the second law of thermodynamics and the arrow of time. As a fashion designer, how is this theory important? First of all, this theory is important to the indust ry because as goods lose their value, new ones are needed and so the industry moves on. However before we produce new goods, the industry has to be sure of the amount of time that it takes the goods to totally lose their value in the, market. This will prevent situations where several goods are produced when the previous ones have not yet lost their value. As a result, both goods will end up losing their value at the same time and hence produce loses to the industry. Perfect timing is the key to providing the best goods over time. To know the perfect time for production. We have to study the market and understand the way that goods lose their value. This will ensure that we know exactly when to come up with new products and hence reduce chances of huge

Damned If You Do Essay Example for Free

Damned If You Do Essay In my Chemistry class, there are two students who always ask make remarks or ask questions about the topics discussed: a male and a female. When the male student asks questions, the people in my class sit quietly and listen to the professor’s explanation, but when the female student asks questions, the class—including myself— gets annoyed. They begin to roll their eyes and sneer. Even my professor seems to be annoyed at times. Often I hear my classmates complaining about her during break. They nag about how much she interrupts class with her foolish questions and interpretations, yet no one complains about the male classmate. I thought to myself, â€Å"Maybe he asks better questions than she? † But after a few weeks I began to realize that the intelligence of their questions and comments tends to be the same. So why do my classmates favor the male student’s remarks over the female student’s? Everyone has their own way of saying things, however the way we hear what a women says is often completely different in comparison to how we would hear it if a man had said it instead. When hearing both genders communicating, we unintentionally put males above females. We look at men as more powerful than women. In Deborah Tannen’s book, You Just Don’t Understand, she explains that the reasons for this starts at a very young age. Girls were raised to never boast. Tannen says, â€Å"Girls learn that displaying superiority will not get them what they want—affiliation with peers. For this, they have to appear the same as, not better than, their friends† (218). Females look at boasting as â€Å"showing off† and â€Å"rude†, and feel they will be rejected if they do so. They rarely compare themselves to others. In fact, women try to keep the status between them mutual. The best example is my little sister, Julie. When she plays with her friend Natalie, they always play the same character. They will agree to be â€Å"sister princesses in a big castle. † On the other hand, when I see her play with her friend Jake, he always insists on being superior to her. He says things such as â€Å"I’ll be Batman and you’ll be Robin,† immediately taking the higher status. Boys feel that if they don’t act dominant and take charge people won’t take them seriously. Naturally we expect women not to boast, while with men we don’t seem to care. If a woman told a group of people she was a founder of a huge company worth millions of dollars, they would think she was â€Å"showing off† and the group would automatically leave her out of the conversation. If a man were to say the same thing—because we are so used to them boasting—we would not look at it as â€Å"showing off†. We would think highly of him. This is why men and women are judged differently even when they speak the same way. Tannen says, â€Å"If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it’s done by a man it is seen as powerful† (225). Since females don’t try to be at a higher status, their speech is often ineffective. Along with women not addressing a higher status, they also do not ask for something directly. They are more covert when asking for a favor. When my mom says, â€Å"It would be nice if someone would put the dishes away for me,† most of the time I don’t. Because she is asking indirectly, I don’t see the power in her question. On the other hand, if my dad says â€Å"Hey†¦ put those away for me,† I automatically listen. Although they were both implying the same thing, my mom’s statement was powerless because it was polite and indirect. Females use â€Å"tag questions† (227-28), such as â€Å"That’s a nice dress, isn’t it? † The â€Å"tag question† makes women seem unsure. Women don’t mean to sound hesitant. They say â€Å"Isn’t it? † expecting the other person to say â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no,† and therefore starting a conversation. Tannen says, â€Å"[P]eople expect women to use tags† (228). We expect women to be unsure, and as a result, when they make statements or ask questions, we assume they don’t know that they are talking about. Researcher Patricia Hayes Bradley says, â€Å"When women used tag questions and disclaimers, subjects judged them as less intelligent and knowledgeable than men who also used them† (qtd. in Tannen 228). In other words, because of the different stereotypes of men and women, we have distinctive attitudes towards what they say, and we make men dominant. Looking back at the issue in my Chemistry class, I see why I found the female student aggravating. When comparing her to the male classmate, I unconsciously looked at her as lower than him. Both males and females become accustomed to this power vs. powerless ways. It becomes everyday life. People are less likely to pay attention to an idea that is raised by a woman who doesn’t assert her status, therefore making us unconsciously look at them as below men.

Giorgio Vasari on Lorenzo Ghiberti

Giorgio Vasari on Lorenzo Ghiberti This text contains a mixture of bibliographical and historical information regarding Ghiberti’s life and the circumstances in which he received the commission for the doors for the Baptistery of San Giovanni, next to the Duomo in Florence. It contains factual information regarding the background and training of the artist; the participants and judges of the competition to win the contract; descriptive information about the location of the door, its manufacture and some of the practical difficulties experienced by Ghiberti whilst working on it. The text therefore gives information that is helpful to the historian in understanding some of the facts surrounding the production of art in fifteenth century Florence and the circumstances of production of one particular artistic creation. However, to regard this as a purely objective historical account would be a mistake. Rubin (1995, 2) comments that ‘the components of Vasari’s history had generic precedents and parallel s in biography, technical treatises, and didactic literature, both classical and contemporary’. Vasari was able to fuse the elements of these different genres in order to situate Ghiberti (and the other artists in The Lives) within a developing tradition of artistic enterprise and to create a history of art that included aesthetic judgement. Vasari’s teleological view of the development of art goes beyond mere biographical and historical description and this aspect of his work is particularly important because it gives the modern reader information about how artists of the later Renaissance period viewed artistic products from an earlier time and also how a theoretical stance towards the nature of art was being developed. Having grown up as the son of an artisan, Vasari had received part of his education in his home town of Arezzo and then spent a part of his adolescence with the Medici family, who were at that time the most prominent family in Florence. It was among their children that he furthered his education and was undoubtedly exposed to the humanist curriculum that would have been a part of their education at that time. Although Vasari would not have had a university education, he was nonetheless familiar with the basics of humanist thought. Vasari’s own life, therefore, exemplified the way in which art had become a vital part of aristocratic life and education and how it gave practitioners of the arts an entry into the highest parts of society. Whilst earlier generations of painters and sculptors had been regarded merely as craftsmen and had worked relatively anonymously, by Vasari’s time individual artists were able to capitalise on their reputations to gain high financial remun eration as well as fame. The text reveals that Ghiberti’s father had these two goals in mind when he urged Ghiberti to come back to Florence to enter the competition, which would be ‘an occasion to make himself known and demonstrate his genius’ and also that, if his son gained recognition as a sculptor, ‘neither †¦ would ever again need to labour at making ear-rings’. The ambitious artist was, therefore, able to advance his career and wealth through winning great commissions. Welch (1997, 125) observes that ‘by the mid-fourteenth century a number of Italian artists, particularly in Tuscany, seem to have been aware of the need to promote themselves and their memory, either by writing themselves or by encouraging others to write about them‘. It is within this tradition that Vasari wrote his The Lives. In classical times, writers such as Plutarch and Pliny had written biographical works about famous men’s lives and the Renaissance preoccupation with the revival of antiquity provided a stimulus for this genre of biography that is focussed on the rhetorical practice of praising worthy and famous men, including artists (Pliny’s Natural History provided the model for writing about artists of Graeco-Roman antiquity (Welch, 1997, 125)). Ghiberti himself had written Commentaries, a work that included a section on antiquity, another on his own autobiography, and a third on the theory of optical illusion. This is the work to which Vasari ref ers in the text. Vasari alludes to Ghiberti’s use of Pliny as a model and he thus demonstrates that they are all, in their different ways, participating in an ancient tradition of writing about art and that they are all seeking a form of immortality through writing as well as through making art. Yet Vasari is somewhat disparaging in his comments on Ghiberti as a writer and his criticism may derive from the context in which he was practicing his own art. The courtly values of ease, modesty and gracefulness as exemplified in Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier had come to dominate the world of the Renaissance courts in which Vasari worked and may have been the cause of his disdain for the Ghiberti’s ‘vulgar tone’ and his condemnation of Ghiberti’s brief treatment of the ancient painters in favour of a lengthy and detailed ‘discourse about himself’. Cole (1995, 176) argues that Vasari was influenced by Castiglione in that he ‘urged the artist to disguise his labour and study and stress his facilita (ease) and prestezza (quickness of execution)’. It may have been that Vasari perceived that Ghiberti had not lived up to this artistic ideal in his writing. Another earlier writer on art, Leon Battista Alberti, had ’al ways stressed the joining of diligenza (diligence) with prestezza’ (Cole, 1995, 176). The influence of such aesthetic values are revealed in many of the judgements that Vasari makes; in the text, his comments on the relative merits of the submissions for the competition include technical terms that are still used today, such as ‘composition’ and ‘design’, but he also uses terms such as ‘grace’ and ’diligence’ which have a rather more specific relationship to their Renaissance context. The text does not only reveal the courtly values that were a part of Vasari’s aesthetic. Florence had a long tradition of civic and republican values and Vasari’s account shows the ways in which the guilds and the Commune, together with ordinary citizens, all had a part to play in Ghiberti’s enterprise. Whilst the guild of Merchants had set up the competition, the location of the door in the Baptistery nonetheless has a civic and religious function that would have made it a very public work of art. Ghiberti’s practice of appealing to popular taste is revealed in Vasari’s’ description of him ‘ever inviting the citizens, and sometimes any passing stranger who had some knowledge of the art, to see his work, in order to hear what they thought, and those opinions enabled him to execute a model very well wrought and without one defect’. Peter Burke (2000, 76) comments on the value of Vasari as a source for the evidence of a popular res ponse to art in Florence and the ways in which ‘ordinary people, craftsmen and shopkeepers, were not only familiar with the names of the leading artists of their city, past and present, but they were not afraid to offer opinions often critical opinions about the value of particular works.’ Vasari’s work thus shows evidence of civic as well as courtly values and demonstrates the phenomenon of the artist who had particularly frequent opportunities for mobility, both geographically and socially, in the Renaissance period. Vasari’s book was divided into three parts that corresponded to three ‘ages’ of Renaissance art, roughly equivalent to the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. This corresponded to Vasari’s view of the art history of the Renaissance as a progression towards increasing perfection. In the text, this teleological view is revealed in Vasari’s description of Ghiberti’s relationship with his father. Vasari attributes the initial prompting to compete to Ghiberti’s father, who wrote to Ghiberti ‘urging him to return to Florence in order to give a proof of his powers’, Ghiberti is also described as having ‘from his earliest years learnt the art of the goldsmith from his father’, yet ‘he became much better therein than his father’. Vasari thus uses his description of Ghiberti’s career to make the point that each generation has a debt to the past and can gain skill and knowledge from the pas t, and yet each generation exceeds the previous one and participates in the forward progression of artistic development. The Renaissance was a period in which the use of the past was a particular feature and the revival of antiquity was not restricted to the increased knowledge of ancient texts. In describing Ghiberti’s career, Vasari also reveals the vogue for casting medals in the ancient style and for portraiture that was based on the coins and medals of the Roman era, when he comments that ‘he also delighted in counterfeiting the dies of ancient medals, and he portrayed many of his friends from the life in his time’. The more recent past was also an important source for the Renaissance artist, as described by Vasari. In the text, Vasari makes it clear that Ghiberti owes a debt to both Giotto and Pisano: ‘the arrangement of the scenes was similar to that which Andrea Pisano had formerly made in the first door, which Giotto designed for him.’ Again, though, Ghiberti is held to have exceeded their artistry and progressed beyond the ’old manner of Giotto’s time’ to ’the manner of the moderns’. Vasari thus reveals that there was, during the Renaissance period, a self-consciousness about artistic production and the theory of art. There was a definite perception of ’modernity’ with respect to what was then current and a tendency to reject the type of style that was though to be in the ‘old manner’. Much that is found in Vasari is still useful to our study of Renaissance art. He provides many useful factual details, such as the names and cities of the competitors for the Baptistery door commission, and the information that many foreigners were present and participating in the artistic life of Florence. He also provides evidence of the factors that affected aesthetic judgement during the period. He provides a great deal of evidence of contemporary practices and attitudes and his allusions to specific writers and works from antiquity provide us with evidence of how the study of the classical period influenced the thought and practices of Renaissance artists. His work enables us to see how the artists of the later Renaissance period were assimilating and judging the work of their immediate predecessors from the period of Cimabue and Giotto onwards. In this text, we also have an example of the way in which Vasari gives us evidence of how artists trained, when he states that Ghiberti worked on small reliefs ‘knowing very well that [they] are the drawing-exercises of sculptors’. His description of the competition also gives us evidence of the competitive spirit in which art was created, when he states that ‘with all zeal and diligence they exerted all their strength and knowledge in order to surpass one another’. Vasari also shows the ways in which different individuals felt empowered to judge art either through formal means by being appointed by the guild as judges or through the informal means of ordinary citizens giving their opinions directly to Ghiberti. In all of these ways, Vasari gives us not only information not only about artists and the circumstances of the production of art, but also, crucially, about its audience who they were and what they thought about it. Vasari’s emphasis on Florence (and Tuscany) as the major site of the genius of the Renaissance also still influences the modern study of art history, as does the ways in which he has framed artistic development as a progression from cruder and more naà ¯ve forms to the greater subtlety and ‘perfection’ of the later Renaissance. In some ways, it may be that this has been a negative influence: perhaps other parts of Italy and further afield in Europe have suffered a neglect and lack of interest as a result of this (arguably) over-emphasis on Florence. It may also be that the sense of progression has given a higher value to later works of art than those of earlier periods and that this has also caused too much emphasis on what is not known as the High Renaissance period and a neglect of other periods. Nonetheless, it cannot be in doubt that Vasari has made an important contribution to art history on his work The Lives and it is this contribution that has led him to be termed, by some, the first art historian. BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary Sources Castiglione, Baldasar, The Book of the Courtier, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976. Vasari, Giorgio, Lives of the Artists, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972. Secondary Sources Boase, T.S.R., Georgio Vasari: the Man and the Book, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Burke, Peter, ‘Learned Culture and Popular Culture in renaissance Italy’, in Whitlock, Keith, ed., The Renaissance in Europe: A Reader, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2000. Cole, Alison, Virtue and Magnificence: Art of the Italian Renaissance Courts, New York: Harry N Abrams, 1995. Rubin, Patricia Lee, Giorgio Vasari: Art and History, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Rud, Einar, Vasari’s Life and Lives: the First Art Historian, London: Thames and Hudson, 1963. Welch, Evelyn, Art in Renaissance Italy: 1350-1500, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Violence of Decolonization Essay -- European History Colonies Essays

Violence of Decolonization Frantz Fanon argues the decolonization must always be a violent phenomenon because resisting a colonizing power using only politics will not work. Europeans justified colonization by treating it as gods work. They believed that god wanted then to occupy all lands and spread the word of god to savages of darker skin color. Fanon joined the Algerian Nationalist Movement when the Algeria was being colonized be the French. Many examples of violence written of in The Wretched of the Earth were taken from the struggle for independence in Algeria. Also the writing is sympathetic towards colonized natives. Fanon claims decolonization causes violent actions from both settlers and natives and creates intolerant views toward the opposite party. Violence from Europeans during the colonization is a tactic used to keep the natives oppressed and a resistance minimal. The police officers and soldiers of the settlers used excessive force to show dominance and create an "atmosphere of submission" in native communities (Fanon, 38). European schools, churches, and economic societies were set up on colonized people's land. These acts of segregation and practices of European values were an insult to natives and helped fuel violent protests. Officers who would patrol the boarders between the two groups and political leaders would serve as a "go-between" person for negotiations (Fanon 62). Negotiations involving larger masses of bodies were feared to lead to aggression. Although the politic between these groups was a slow moving process, when native political or independence parties begin to immerge, the colonial governments will allow concede to some writes demanded by natives. Settlers did this to contr... ...ent of psychiatry and included Psychiatrist's notes about the effects the war was having on the native people. Lack of dignity, depression, inferiority complex, suicidal and homicidal tendencies were psychiatric disorders developed by colonized people resulting from the forces lifestyle change, extreme violence, raping, and murder of the native people. Decolonization causes violence and aggression form both settlers and natives. It also harvests hatred and extreme prejudice toward the opposite party. Settlers see violence as the most effective method of conquering new land where the colonized see violence as the most effective way to regain their freedom. Violence from both settlers and natives simultaneously during a period of decolonization reinforces Fanon's argument. Work Cited Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 1963

Essay --

Shakespeare at Othello, used only three female characters in his play, Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Along with the play, Bianca’s boyfriend, Cassio, did not respect her enough to marry her, so he did not get jealous or treat her badly. Opposing to Othello and Iago, they respected Emelia and Desdemona enough to marry them, so jealousy pushed them to treat their wives badly. But on both cases Desdemona, Bianca, and Emelia still share the fact that they are victims and tools for those whom they loved the most. Firstly, Bianca’s boyfriend did not get jealous on her because she was not his wife, so he did not find a reason to treat his prostitute badly. Cassio was almost afraid to hurt Bianca’s feelings during the play. He used to act in front of her that he cares. A good evidence about this is when she shows up while he is waiting for Desdemona to bring him good news from Othello about bringing him back to work. He was not happy to see her. Once he saw her he said, "What make you from home?"(3.1), but after he says this, he recognize that he should not be so rude with her, so he tells her a nice lie, "How is it with you, my most fair Bianca? / I' faith, sweet love, I was coming to your house" (3.4). She answers, "And I was going to your lodging, Cassio. / What, keep a week away? seven days and nights?" (3.4). One equally important evidence shows how Cassio respected her feelings, is that he had never insulted her personally, yet he did it behind her back. When Bianca comes in after Cassio and Iago were talking, Cassio says, "'Tis such another fitchew! marry a perfumed one" (4.1). The word "fitchew" means â€Å"a polecat†, which means a bad smell that is known for people as excessively stink. The phrase "'Tis such another" shows how Cassi... ...did give my husband; /For often with a solemn earnestness /More than indeed belonged to such a trifle/ He begged of me to steal’t. (5.2). Emelia was nothing but a tool for Iago, he manages to kill her once she says the truth without appreciating what she has done to him all over her life. In conclusion, females’ position in Othello, clarifies that unmarried women would have a higher level of respect from the men they love because there is no jealousy nor commitments, or in other words, they do not care enough about them, but they only care about what they take from them, which is sex. Unlike married women, who were respected enough to be married from men, but jealousy turns their relationship into a life where respect does not take a place. Though, In all cases women are subjected to be victims and tools to men who do not appreciate their love and caring enough.