The Impact Of Global Media On Identity

The Impact Of Global Media On IdentityNowadays, major changes ar taking place in the information and communications media as a outlet of bracing- do technological forms being de dwellred to us. Morley and Robins (1995) seem implicitly take this run into when they write about our senses of space and place are being significantly reconfigured (Morley and Robins, 1995 1). They are exemplifying the new communications geography constituted by humankind-wide networks and information flow which dissolving agent in proliferated crisis of the national sphere.The changes draw are effects of an ongoing process c tout ensembleed orbicularization which we are for each one(prenominal) awake(predicate) of as nowadays it is cardinal(a) of the main buzzwords. More all over sentiency extends to the fact that we are living in fourth dimensions of growing pagan globoseism where orbicular media has a significant impact on our lives. at that placefore the rile down of this pap er is to discuss the relationship amid ball-shaped media and its impact on national individuality and purification.For some, through Western mastery in that respect is a homogenization and sameness forming across the field. Global horticulture is being shape by international entertainment conglomerates and for that reason becomes standardized. A discussion in the prototypal part of the paper as a dissolvent get out be formed virtually this topic. In contrast, the second part of the summary leave focus on the works of opposite writers who see that we are living in the age of hybridised cultures, which borrow elements from each other simply irremediably remain distinct.For the purposes of this paper we must establish what is meant by cost identity operator and culture. Identity provide refer to portrayal ones hold for them and with which they identify, while culture should refer to a variety of practices which generate meanings (Barker, 1999 9).Creation of the G lobal MediaThe sentence after the 1980s light-emitting diode to major changes in terms of new communication technologies, digitalisation of information and increase in deregulations and privatization in disparate sectors, including media. Privatization mostly affected United States what brought a direct impact upon the stratum of exclusivity of the markets, allowing other players to improve their own standards and overall stamp economically (Morley Robins, 1995).The deliver market allowed other organizations to gain to a greater extent dominance in the planetary arena. all told of the changes resulted in other countries privatizing their telecoms (Thussu, 2006).The General Agreement on Tariffs and backing (GATT) conducted a push toward creation of protected markets of population Trade governing (WTO) which is holding up the structure of the free flow of information. WTO in like manner led the focusing for penetration of Western markets to Asia and Latin America (Thussu, 2006). The crucial advantage of this was that discover players were not more able to wholly dominate the markets to a significant degree as was the case prior to such efficacious regimes.The progress in applied science and telecommunications made possible the transfer of exceedingly large data to every part of the homo within seconds what unimpeachably had a huge impact on economy and trade. Additionally, the growth of digitalization and new technologies like computers, mobiles or artificial satellites allowed fast and cheap communication somewhat the world. It had an impact on growing international businesses which could be now break by electronic marketplace (Herman McChesney, 1997).Privatization and ongoing disceptation in satellites caused the domination of few nations within the market. USA and Britain being main admitlers even of Intelsat which is an intergovernmental companionship providing international broadcast system created in order to run a global satelli te system offering satellite capacity on a non discriminatory basis (Morley Robins, 1995). Once again, this proved that the countries with advanced technology contrive the ability to set and implement the policy agenda.As the global carriers enlarged in number, the United States run operators had to privatize their own satellite systems in order to make the market for satellite services more commercial. These changes made the Transnational Companies (TNC) the highest beneficiaries what resulted in drastic changes in the shape of the new world economy. As expected the biggest world media conglomerates started planning on how to get the highest profit which as a consequence, inspired debate about the handicap of media plurality and democracy (Thussu, 2006).As a result of these changes a global media sector was formed which made individuals all over the world aware and able to gain loveledge about other countries. Media became a key and for umpteen the only one medium to discover the world.Global Media and homogenisation of CultureThe discourse of heathenish homogenization presents globalization as synchroneity to the demands of a standardized consumer culture, making everywhere seem more or less the same (Tomlinson, 1999 6). This view sees the impact of global media in the ethnic sphere in a very pessimistic manner. Frequently, many take it to be a coercive tool with an aim to destroy ethnical identities (Tomilson, 2003). The kernel of truth stems from the era before global media when there was a strong in form local connection between geographical place and ethnic knowledge which were defining cultural identity. That was a time where individuals identity was just something which they simply had as an existential possession or heritage. Globalization therefore has swept like a flood billow through the worlds diverse cultures, destroying stable localities, displacing passels homogenization of cultural experience (Tomilson, 2003 269). This narrat ion indicates therefore that globalization is some form of destruction for cultural identity and a threat to particular forms of national identity.Homogenization of cultures therefore in a stronger manner means, the appearance of one single culture include all people and replacing the variety of other cultural systems that have been present. In a broad sense, this pessimistic idea of the creation of one global culture is called cultural imperialism (Tomlinson, 1999). This theory to a fault was one of the early based on cultural globalization which discussed the flow of American values, for shell, consumer goods and life-styles all around the world. Cultural imperialism hence focuses on American domination over Europe of the West over the rest for creation of global culture. There are two visions created out of this view about the global culture. The first is the focus around the Westernization of the world. And the second volition be idea of global culture being dominate by c apitalism (Tomlinson, 1999). Both of those will be now discussed.Westernization is seen as a drive toward standardization of lifestyle around the world. It is a global spread of a social and cultural totality (Tomlinson, 1999 90). Europe produced a single world market combine even the most savage communities into the one machine (Latouche, 1996 19). One-way cultural currents flood from the countries of the Centre over the entire planet (Latouche, 1996 20). From the ways how people dress and what they eat to the music that they listened to, culture flows from centers of creation into the Third World through the mass media (newspapers, radio television, films, books, video). All of it is produced and spread worldwide by monopolized, powerful transnational media groups as a result of changes in global media (previously discussed) after 1980s. This flood of cultural products therefore only indicates desires and needs of it recipients. Latouche is avocation this process a propaganda as it strangles all cultural operation among the passive recipients of this messages who read it as the way how they are supposed to live (Latouche, 1996 21). For Latouche Westernization is thus anti-cultural and driven by desire to create a world of uniform culture. To succeed in their goal the destruction of all other ways of life (that is non-western) is necessary. However, there is a paradox situation in here. West by trying so hard to homogenize the world shall result in loss of its own socio-cultural advantage.Those who believe cultures to be say towards the process of homogenization also consider it to follow capitalism and therefore the global economy which it defines. These views led phrases like McDonaldization, Coca-colonization or Disneyzation to be born. In particular mentioned concepts refer to the worldwide homogenization of societies throughout the impact of transnational corporations, where all of them are originally exported from America (Pieterse, 2004). In this m atter, globalization is attached with market economy, where particular brand images are standardized and distributed all around the world. Many aspects of what one may describe as cultural, from food to global currency can be considered. These are the perfect examples of global capitalist monoculture and cultural synchronization.McDonald has come to occupy a central position in American not only in the business industry, but also in popular culture. It is one of the most powerful and influential developments in our society as it succeeded worldwide. The reason of its high achievements is connected with the fact that it offers consumers, workers, and managers efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control which is necessary in the business industry. As such a powerful institution, it has an impact on a wide range of undertakings and of course the way of life of many individuals in and around the world and its impact is soundless accelerating. Another irrational effect of McDonaldization is increased homogenization (Ritzer, 2000 135) as any McDonald restaurant you go to, no matter where it is around the world you know what to expect. You know what kind of products will be offered to you and you can be trustworthy that they will be prepared for you in the same way everywhere (Ritzer, 2000). On the other hand, there are many nations which invaded the McDonalds business warning to develop indigenous versions. Therefore by some it is seen more as a global localization or crosswalk rather than homogenization. This will be discussed in the latter part of this paper.Globalization as hybridisation and deterritorializationPrior to understanding the concept of hybridisation it is wise to make solve that it does not refer to total deprivation of own national identity. to the contrary it emulates a potential of benefiting from other cultures and incorporating new knowledge with the old one side by side.We cannot discuss the aspect of hybridisation without a nalysing the deterritorialization of cultural heritage. By deterritorialization is meant not only the travel and transformation of culture but also everbroadening horizon of mundane experience (Tomilson, 1999, cited in Xue, 2008 113). Therefore, this flow of deterritorialized cultures allows transforming other cultures more accurately producing new ones by hybridity (Xue, 2008). The deterritorializing character of the globalization process is its prop of diminishing the significance of socialgeographical location to the mundane flow of cultural experience (Tomlinson, 2003 273). What has to be understood from these definitions is that there was a transformation made in our usual model of cultural existence which now brings globalized influences into our locally fit(p) in our countries lifeworld. For example, many variant satellite channels broadcasts different genres which are likely to influence general perception of individuals taste. Fashion TV for object lesson demonstrates t he mainstream transfer of whats hot, and whats not, signaling fashion trends from major fashion runway shows across the world and therefore influencing individuals style (Tomlinson, 2003).Pieterse (2004) sees hybridisation as the solvent between the polar perspectives (Pieterse, 2004 57) as this concept gains the meaning from relationship between homogenization and polarization. Within society there is a group of people called cosmopolitans, who are unbuttoned-minded to embrace some changes, are able to settle in other cultures or are willing to completely loose their individualized identity (homogenization). On the other hand, there are fundamentalists who believe that the world should stay with traditions and cultures remaining unchanged. These beliefs can be called polarization. As a result people who believe in cross neither deny changes completely, nor see fully in new cultures they were introduced to. They essentially form a post on the mid-point (Pieterse, 2004).Hybridis ation brings transformations to cultures. It is the cut n mix of cultural forms in the process of globalization. It refers to the growth of culture which it occurs when a cultural product incorporates and combines different cultural practices (Pieterse, 2004). There is a lot of evidence strengthening the thesis which now will be analysed.As mentioned earlier, McDonalds, in terms of homogenisation of society, can also act as a good example of hybridization. Fusion cuisine means the creation of indigenous versions on terms of the choice of foods in order to lodge to local conditions. In Norway there is a sandwich called McLaks with grilled salmon, while in Japan you may order chicken Tatsuta with fried chicken, cabbage spiced with soy sauce and ginger. Italy provides pasta with their burgers, while in Germany you may order a beer with your meal (Ritzer, 2000). All of these are unique cultural adaptations which hence acknowledge that foods choices must be tailored to adjoin a varie ty of needs expected in specific cultures around the world.By the same token restaurants also adapt the way it operates to local social environment. As stands, in Hong Kong food chains are tailored around the need for teenagers to hang and socialize. Conversely in Taiwan it is a rare public space not dominated by men as it did not develop from traditional Chinese cultural structures where men have more rights than women (Ritzer, 2000). This blending of local features into global products has been called glocalisation as the global and local is reinforcing (Lull, 2000 252).Another conglomerate which is dominating in the world is Viacom, the owners of MTV. The channel distributes in over 82 countries and actively promotes telephone globally, act locally. In the different countries it is broadcasted, tailored versions of the channel are offered to meet the tastes of customers. For instance, through the aspect of localization MTV Asia came to existence as a result of joint venture bet ween Rupert Murdochs Star television and Viacom in 1992. The actors line used by network is Hinglish which is a hybrid language of Hindi and English (Herman McChesney, 1997).Globalization as a process of hybridization gives plagiarize to a global mlange (Pieterse, 1993 1) where the cultures are mixing and borrowing some elements from each other.ConclusionFor the past 20 years we were facing dramatic changes in our world being result of globalisation processes. Improvements in technology and telecommunications made free flow of information possible. The world market became dominated by USA and some of the Western countries. Privatization had an impact on more competition and the formation of strong TNCs. Western countries became powerful through investments in infrastructures. Developments in communication services paved the way for global media therefore open the door of the world for many people what resulted in either hybridization or homogenization of national identities and cultures. Some may see it as negative changes, others will disagree. There are also those who as Tomlinson believe that globalization produces a globalized culture rather than a global culture (Xue, 2008). However no matter what point of view one will chose there is no doubt that global media are affecting many nations and their identities and cultures.Words 2,510