Background and Structure on the United Nations

Student Handout basis on the United Nations Basic Facts of the United Nations The United Nations was founded in 1945 with the delegating to maintain earth peace, develop good relations between countries, incite cooperation in solving the worlds problems, and encourage a wish for human rights. It uk/why- democracys-fail-chapter-5-review/provides the nations of the world a forum to balance their national interests with the interests of the spherical whole. It operates on the voluntary cooperation and participation of its subdivision nations. Nothing can be accomplished without their agreement and participation.Currently, there are 191 member countries with different social, political, and economical systems. These countries agree to peacefully settle disputes, refrain from threatening or apply force against each other, and refuse to help other nations that contr overt the U. N. s mission. Headquartered in New York City, the U. N. is a separate and independent entity with it s own flag, direct office and postage stamps, and its buildings sit on internationalist territory. Six semiofficial languages are utilize at the U. N. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Creation of the United Nations The creation of the U.N. resulted from a long history to promote international cooperation. Nineteenth century European philosophers and statesmen like Immanuel Kant had proposed a federation of nations dedicated to protecting the rights of smaller countries caught up in struggles between larger ones. The federation would punish any nation that committed an act of aggression against a nonher. This idea became a reality aft(prenominal) conception War I with the establishment of the League of Nations. The League was the brain-child of U. S. prexy Woodrow Wilson and some of the victorious European powers.During its operation from 1920 and 1946 it enjoyed a few luminary successes but ultimately faltered when it couldnt interrupt earth War II. It suffered from twain major flaws 1) several of the worlds most powerful and prestigious countries were not members, including the Untied States 2) The League required unanimous agreement to oppose aggression. If any member disagreed, the League was powerless to act. Thus, when Germany, Italy, and Japan took military action mechanism against fellow members of the League in the late 1930s, they would not agree to suck action against themselves to stop their aggression.In the end, the League failed in is primary mission to interrupt another world war. While fighting the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, United States President, Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet premier(a) Joseph Stalin met several times between 1941 and 1945 to develop an international peace holding system with the goal of preventing future wars on the scale of World War II. In April of 1945, even before the war was officially over, representa tives from 50 countries met in San Francisco to require the charter for the United Nations.Similar to the League of Nations, the U. N. was created to promote international peace and prevent another world war. To avoid the structural failures of the League, the U. N. fo unders gathered the support of the worlds most powerful nations. U. S. participation was secured when the U. N. headquarters were located in New York City. To provide enough power to impose and enforce its will, a security council was developed with authority to take action against aggressor nations. To secure powerful nations that their sovereignty would not be threatened, the U.N provided disallow authority over its actions. The five victors of World War II the U. S. Britain, France, the Soviet Union (which Russia gained at the break up of the U. S. S. S. ) and China received this veto power. A veto provides any one of the five permanent Security Council members the authority to correct any U. N. resolution. T he Structure and operation of the United Nations Accomplishments of the United Nations During its 60-year history, the U. N. has achieved many strange accomplishments in fulfilling it goals.The U. N. has peacefully negotiated 172 peace settlements that necessitate ended regional conflicts and is impute with participation in over 300 international treaties on topics as varied as human rights conventions to agreements on the use of outer stead and the oceans. The U. N. has been relate in every major war and international crisis since its descent and has served as a catalyst for the prevention of others. It authorized the international coalitions that fought in the Korean War (1950-53) and the Persian Gulf War (1991).It provided a forum for mediation in the ArabIsraeli conflict resulting in numerous peace accords and keeping the conflict localized to the Middle East. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the U. N. was used as a podium by the United States to challenge the Sovi et Unions placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. The embarrassment of human beings indictment was instrumental in forcing the Soviets to remove the missiles. U. N. military forces (provided by member states) have conducted over 35 peacekeeping missions providing security and reducing gird conflict.In 1988, the U. N. Peace-Keeping Forces received the Nobel Prize for Peace. The U. N. has similarly set up war crimes tribunals to campaign war criminals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The U. N. has also made great strides in raising the consciousness of human rights beginning with the Universal Declaration of gracious Rights adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The U. N. Commission on Human Rights with its investigations and technical assistance in promoting free and unobjectionable elections has helped many countries in the transition to democracy. The U. N. s intense attention to particularised human rights abuses helped end apartheid in South Africa. In its humanitari an efforts, more(prenominal) than 30 million refugees fleeing war, persecution, or famine have received fear from the U. N. High Commissioner for Refugees. The International Court of Justice has helped settle numerous international disputes involving territorial issues, hostage-taking and economic rights. Since the end of the Cold War, the U. N. has become increasingly involved in providing humanitarian assistance and promoting improvements in the health of the worlds peoples.In addition to providing relief for humanitarian crises caused by international conflicts, the U. N. can also respond to emergencies caused by natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. On a proactive level, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other U. N. affiliated groups have eliminated smallpox and are actively pursuing a battle against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria nearly the world. The WHO played a significant role in diagnosing and containing the opening of severe acute respiratory syndrom e (SARS) in 2003. U. N. rograms, like the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) have saved and enriched the lives of the worlds children through immunisation programs for polio, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and tuberculosis. The lives of over 3 million children a year have been saved. The U. N. operates under the principle that promoting economic and social development will help fetch about lasting world peace. The United Nations Development political platform provides economic assistance through expert advice, training, and limited equipment to exploitation countries.The U. N. Development Program coordinates all the U. N. efforts in developing nations and has had success in part because it is not perceived as an outside group threatening a developing countries authority or degenerating it to colonial rule. In addition to promoting workers rights and the right to bone and bargain for better pay and working conditions, the U. N. has also played a significant rol e in improving agricultural techniques and increasing school yields in Asia, Africa and South America. The U.N. has also helped developing nations obtain funding projects through the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank. A related U. N. agency, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) promotes international cooperation on monetary issues and encourages stable exchange rates among nations. Sources Wikipedia Encyclopedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations Encarta Encyclopedia http//encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761564986/United_Nations. hypertext markup language